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Rebuild (Johnson's Plan (Many republicans in congress welcomed…
Rebuild
Johnson's Plan
Many republicans in congress welcomed Johnson's presidency because of his animosity for the Southern aristocrats who had led the Confederacy.
His reconstruction plan was very similar to Lincoln's 10 percent plan and it provided for the disfranchisement of all former leaders and officeholders of the Confederacy and Confederates with more than $20,000 in taxable property
The president retained the power to grant individual pardons to disloyal Southerners which was an escape clause for the wealthy planters. As a result, many former Confederate leaders were back in office by the fall of 1865.
After Johnson took office, all 11 of the ex Confederate states qualified under the president's Reconstruction plan to becoming functioning parts of the Union.
Compromise of 1877
The leaders of the two parties worked out an informal deal that the democrats would allow Hayes to become president in return he would immediately end federal support for the Republicans in the South. Also support the building of a Southern transcontinental railroad.
The Compromise brought an end of a federal military presence in the South and brought Reconstruction to an end. The Supreme Court struck down one Reconstruction law after another that protected blacks from
discrimination.
The supporters of the New South promised a future of industrial development but most Southern African Americans and whites after the Civil War remained poor farmers and fell behind the rest of the nation.
Another important part of the Compromise of 1877 was that Republicans agreed to home-rule in the South which meant that the Republican Party would refrain from interfering in the South’s local affairs, and that white Democrats would rule.
Lincoln's Plan
President Abraham Lincoln began preparing his plan for Reconstruction to reunify the North and South after the war’s end. Because Lincoln believed that the South had never legally seceded from the Union, his plan for Reconstruction was based on forgiveness.
The Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction announced his intention to reunite the once united states and hoped the Proclamation would rally northern support for the war and persuade Confederate soldiers to surrender.
The Ten Percent Plan specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters swore an Oath of Allegiance to the Union.
To appeal to poorer whites he offered to Pardon all Confederates and to appeal to former plantation owners and southern aristocrats he pledged to protect private property.
Radical Reconstruction
Radical Republicans believed that blacks were entitled to the same political rights and opportunities as whites and Confederate leaders should be punished for their roles in the Civil War.
Also known as the Military Reconstruction Act or the Reconstruction Act, the bill reduced the secessionist states to little more than conquered territory, dividing them into five Military Districts, each governed by a Union general.
Congress also declared that southern states needed to redraft their constitutions, ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, and provide suffrage to blacks in order to seek readmission into the Union.
Republicans passed the Second Reconstruction Act, placing Union troops in charge of voter registration. Congress overrode two presidential vetoes from Johnson to pass the bills.