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Angiosperms (Concepts (Angiosperm Carpels (Sporophyll Primordia Grow Shut,…

- - - - Carpels Fuse Side by Side
      - Fused Sides Called Septa
      - Septal Nectaries
        
        Open Areas
        
        Secrete Nectar
    - - Small Bulbs to Vining Epiphytes
      - Distinctive Chemical Compounds
      - Large, Colorful, and Showy Flowers
    - - Largest and Most Diverse Family
      - Many Terrestrial
      - One Subterranean Parasite
      - Zygomorphic Leaves with Complex Shapes, Colors, and Fragrances
      - Produce Thousands of Seeds in Each Fruit
  - - - Contains the Palms
      - 3,500 Species
      - Scattered Vascular Bundles
      - Leaves Occur Near Shoot Apex Only
      - Simple Leaves Torn Into Pinnate or Palmate
      - Flowers Seldom Seen
    - - Contains Grass Family, Cattails, Bromeliads, and Sedges
      - 8,000 Species - Grasses
      - Most Foods and Bamboo
      - Grasses Abundant in Flat, Open, Dry Regions
      - Wind Pollinated - Grasses
      - Just One Ovule - Grasses
      - Sedges
        
        4,000 Species
        
        Wet, Marshy Areas
        
        Reduced Flowers and Dry Fruits
        
        Stem is Triangular
      - Cattails
        
        Ponds and Marshy Areas
        
        Single Branch
    - - Maranta, Calathea, Canna Lilies, and Gingers
      - Large, Showy Flowers
      - Pollinated by Bats, Birds, and Insects
      - Sepals are Fused Together
      - Bilaterally Symmetrical Flowers
      - Three Fused Carpels
      - Zingiberaceae
        
        1,000 Species
        
        Tropical, Soft, Nonleathery Herbs
        
        Broad Leaves with a Petiole
- - - - Three Germination Pores
  - - - Flowers Have Little Fusion
      - Flowers Have Many Stamens and Carpels
    - - Large Trees
      - Reduced Wind-Pollinating Flowers
      - Sycamores
    - - Poppy Family
      - Ornamental Species
      - Argemone
        
        Prickly Poppy
      - papaver
        
        Poppies
    - - "Core Caryophyllales"
        
        Cacti
        
        Iceplant
        
        Spinach
        
        Beets
        
        Produce Betalains
        
        Water-Soluble Pigments
        
        Lacked Petals in Flowers
      - Endosperm Develops and Fails to Grow
      - Perisperm
        
        Nutritive Tissue
        
        Surrounds Developing Envelope
        
        Absorbed by Seed Maturation
      - Herbaceous
      - No Wood, Little Wood, or Unusual Wood
      - Origin of 70-80 Million Years Ago
    - - Small Order
      - Modified and Parasitic Plants
  - - - Large Clades
      - Contain More than 100 Families Together
    - - Ornamental Gena
      - Fruits that can be Grown in Temperate Regions
  - - - Occur Rarely Outside of the Clade
      - Deter or Kill Animals
    - - Euasterids I
    - - Euasterids II
- - - - Only One Cotyledon
      - Leaves have Parallel Veins
      - Leaves are Elongate and Strap Shaped
      - Vascular Bundles Throughout Stem
      - No Ordinary Second Growth
      - Flowers Have Parts in Three's
    - - Much More Diverse
      - Greater Number of Plants
      - Two Cotyledons
      - Leaves Have Reticulate Venation
      - Vascular Bundles Occur in a Ring
      - Woody, Herbaceous, or Succulent
      - Flower Parts Occur in Sets of 5 or 4
    - - Early Angiosperms