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Seed Plants 2: Angiosperms (concepts to Angiosperms (Magnoliophyta (a…
Seed Plants 2: Angiosperms
concepts to Angiosperms
Magnoliophyta
a division in which 257,000 species of angiosperms are classified in
angiosperm carpels
edges of sporophyll primordia crowded against each other and grow shut, sometimes leaving a visible suture, sometimes closing leaving no seam
closed carpel
when no seam is seen, it develops into a fruit that encloses the embryos as they develop into seeds
double fertilization
process that is universal in plants
primitively vesselless
thought that they lacked vessels because their ancestors lacked vessels
secondarily vesselless
gymnosperm like wood is derived feature that looks like a primitive one and misled scientists
pistil
fusion of carpels into a single structure
sympetally
fusion of petals into one structure
zygomorphy
flowers that are bilaterally symmetrical, not radially symetrical
Changing Concepts About Early Angiosperms
ranalean flower
a magnolia type flower was thought to be relictual
generalized
a flower has all parts (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels), and these are arranged spirally
Classification of Flowering Plants
monocots or eudicots classify almost all angiosperms
basal angiosperms
early angiosperm diverged into several clades
Basal Angiosperm
uniaperturate
pollen grains have only a single germination pore
Monocots
tepals
another name for perianth members, usually consist of 3 outer and 3 inner members
Alismatales
Liliales
Asparagales
Dioscoreales
Commelinoid Monocots
Commelinoid monocots
Arecales
Poales
Zingiberales
Eudicots
tricolpate
3 germination pores in pollen grains
Basal Eudicots
Caryophyllales
anthocyanin pigments
almost all Caryophyllales produce a group of water soluble pigments call betalains
perisperm
surrounds the developing embryo
Santalales
Rosid Clade
rosid clade
consists of many families that , taken as a whole, are so diverse with respect to vegatative body, flowers, chemistry, and ecology that is difficult to see they are related
fabids (eurosids I)
malvids (eurosids II)
Aster Clade
asterid clade
contains plants such as sunflower, periwinkle, petunia, and morning glory
iridoid compounds
rarely occur outside of this group
lamids (euasterids I)
campanulids (euasterids II)
