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Ectoparasitic Infections Micro Exam 6 (Ticks Stages: Larval (6 legs),…
Ectoparasitic Infections
Micro Exam 6
Ticks
Stages: Larval (6 legs), nymphal (8 legs), adult (8 legs)
SLOW feeders = don't transmit disease quickly
Features:
Scutum
= shield like structure (covers back in male, partially in female)
Hypostome
= armed attachment structure (ventral to mouth)
Female: feeds for 7-12 days before engorgement = blood is necessary for egg production --> deposits eggs on ground --> dies
Male: intermittent feeder
Treatment: remove tick
Grasp HEAD/Hypostome with forceps (NOT abdomen because it could release bacteria)
Coat tick with petroleum jelly --> tick comes out of bite site
Prevention:
Avoid tick habitats
Long pants + shirt
Check body --> REMOVE
Deet (limited effectiveness)
Ixodes = black leg/wood tick
Bloodsucking
Lyme disease
Babesiosis
Dermacentor
Bloodsucking
TICK PARALYSIS
Tularemia
RMSF
Colorado tick fever
Ambylyoma americanum = lone star tick
Bloodsucking
TICK PARALYSIS
Tularemia
Lyme disease
RMSF
Rhyipicephalus sanguineus = brown dog tick
Ehrlichiosis + babesiosis in dogs
RMSF
Mediterranean spotted fever
TICK PARALYSIS:
After tick has fed for days
Female tick's saliva = conduction block
Leads to: respiratory paralysis
Mimicks polio or Guillan Barre Syndrome
Mites:
Similar to ticks but MICROSCOPIC
Not all are parasites
Pyemotes dermatitis = straw + grain itch mites
Bite --> digestive juices --> allergic response
Fall, farmers
Demodex folliculorum
Follicular invasion --> pruritis + acne like dermatitis
Common in human face
Eutrombicula
Attacks reptiles, birds, mammals
DOES NOT BURROW
Chigger Dermatitis:
EXTREME, INSUFFERABLE PRURITIS
Ankles, legs, groin, waistline, breasts
Treatment:
Antipruritics
Corticosteroids
Calamine lotion
Sarcoptes scabiei
WILL BURROW = most serious of all mites
Female is fertilized on skin surface --> burrows --> dies after 5 weeks
Leaves eggs, larvae, fecal debris in tunnels
Male lives on surface --> shallow burrow
Scabies:
EXTREME PRURITIS (worse at night)
Hands, wrists, beltline, breasts, buttock, perineum, GENITALIA (ANY CREVICE)
Canine
Self limiting
Crusted (Norwegian)
MOST INTENSE:
Scaling, flaky scabs
LINKED TO HIV (T cells are defective --> can't fight infections)
Pediatric
Similar to Norwegian Scabies = erythematous crusted lesions
Transmitted via:
SEXUAL contact,
crowded conditions
Common
Treatment:
Apply mineral oil to infected area, SCRAPE AWAY
Ivermectin
or permethrin
Pruritus might persist for weeks after treatment
Lice
Transmitted via:
SEXUAL contact, bedding, combs/hats
Phthirus pubic = crab louse
Nits (eggs) CEMENTED TIGHTLY to hair
Adults bite + feed in pubic area --> Bite irritation
Diagnosis:
ID the nit or louse
Pediculus humanus
Nits (eggs) CEMENTED TIGHTLY to clothing fiber or hair
Adults bite + blood suck --> Bite irritation
Captius = head
Humanus/corporis = body
VECTOR FOR EPIDEMIC TYPHUS
Egg to egg cycle = 3 weeks
Transmitted via:
Close contact
Military
Prison
Treatment:
1% Permethrin
(Malathion, Lindane, Pyrethrins)
OTC pediculides
Bugs
Cimex lectularis = bedbug
Bloodsucker
Nocturnal
Carry disease
Triatoma spp = kissing bug
CHAGAS disease
Fleas
Bloodsucking
Disease transmitters
Features:
B/L flattened
Wingless but legs
for JUMPING
Tapeworms
Pulex = human flea
Allergic dermatitis
Ctenocephalides = dog/cat flea
Plague
Xenopsylla = rate flea
Pulex = human flea
Symptoms:
Pruritic lesions
Treatment: control
Kill rates
Clean house, carpets
Insecticides, flea collars
Takes 2-3 weeks before eliminated
Mosquitos
Female = bloodsucking
Disease transmitters
Flies, Maggots, Bots
Bloodsucking
Parasites
Some require living, some require dead tissue
Phaenicia sericata (surgical maggots) - used to clean wounds
Myiasis = infestation of maggots
(obligate parasites/opportunists)
Treatment:
Surgical removal
Cover with petroleum jelly to oxygen starve maggots --> cause them to move up to surface
Dermatobia hominis = human skin bot
Fly catches mosquito --> glues egg to side --> egg hatches when mosquito makes contact with human
Painful skin nodule
Central + South American parasite
Names of flies are FYI