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Introduction to Cognitive Science (Cognitive science is the…
Introduction to Cognitive Science
Cognitive science
is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence
Anthropology
Education
Artificial intelligence
Linguistics
Philosophy
Neuroscience
Psychology
Cognition
refers to all processes by which sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used
Imagery
Reasoning
Language
Learning
Perception
Memory
History of the development of Cognitive Science
Introspection
Wilhelm Wundt
Established laboratory method to study human mind
Behaviorism
J.B Watson, B.F. Skinner
Study of observable stimuli and observable behavioral responses.
Philosophy
Ancient Greeks (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle)
Study of the mind
Cognitive Science
George Miller
showed that capacity of the human mind is limited. Short-term memory limited around 7 items.
Founding fathers of Artificial Intelligence-
Allen Newell
and
Herbert Simon
Linguist-
Noam Chomsky
rejected behaviorist assumptions about language as a learned habit
Linguist- Noam Chomsky proposed to explain language comprehension in terms of mental grammars consisting of rules.
Localization Function : Early Approaches
Franz Joseph Gall
Functioning of human brain- Relationship exist between brain structure and function.
Paul Broca
Broca's work on the language function of the brain provided evidence for theory of localisation of function
Localization Function: More Recent Approaches
Karl Lashley
Studied the effect of experimentally induced brain lessons on other major areas of cognition such as learning and problem solving.
Wilder Penfield
Performed operations on the brain of an awake individual under local anaesthesia of the scalp
The Emergence of Modern Psychology
Celebrities in modern discipline of psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
Similar to Helmholtz, Wundt
Also studied attention.
Herman Ebbinghaus
Studied human memory
Herman Helmholtz
Contributed to science in fields ranging from physics and geometry to perception (cornerstone of psychology)
William James
"The Principles of Psychology" (book)
Measuring differences
Ways to measure differences
Psychometrics
Intelligence test
The IQ is the ratio of "mental age" to chronological age, with 100 being average.
Recent Approaches to Study of Intelligence
Sternberg's approach
Triarchic theory of intelligence
Gardner's approach
Multiple intelligence
Intrapersonal
Naturalist
Interpersonal
Bodily-kinesthetic
Logical-mathematical
Spatial
Musical
Language