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Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases (Endocrine (Hyperpituitarism…

- - - - A reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood; Most often related to a decrease in the # of circulating RBCs; Clinical features include pallor of skin and oral mucosa, angular cheilitis, erythema and atrophy of oral mucosa, and loss of filiform and fungiform papillae on the dorsum of the tongue;
    - - An insufficient amount of iron is supplied to bone marrow for RBC development; Plummer-Vinson syndrome may result from long standing iron deficiency anemia; Often asymptomatic, may have nonspecific symptoms, such as weakness and fatigue; In severe cases may see angular cheilitis, pallor of oral tissue, and an erythematous, smooth and painful tongue; Tx is dietary supplements
    - - Probably an autoimmune disorder in most cases; May be caused by removal of the stomach, gastric cancer, or gastritis; Caused by a deficiency in intrinsic factor; Clinical features include weakness, pallor and fatigue on exersion; May see nausea, dizziness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and weight loss; Oral manifestations include angular cheilitis, mucosal pallor, painful atrophic and erythematous mucosa, mucosal ulceration, loss of papillae on the dorsum of the tongue, and burning and painful tongue; Tx is injections of vitamin B12
    - - From dietary deficiencies; Can occur in association with malnutrition; May be found with alcoholism or pregnancy; Oral manifestations are indistinguishable from those of pernicious anemia; Dx is based on lab tests - serum assays of folic acid and vitamin B12