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Oral Manifestations of Systemic Disease (Endocrine (Addison Disease…
Oral Manifestations of Systemic Disease
Endocrine
Hyperpituitarism
pituitary gland surgery, diagnosed through measurement of growth hormone. Giantism. Pts can experience poor vision, enlarged feet and hand, large mandible and maxilla.
Hyperthyroidism to much thyroid hormone. In women more than men. Symptoms include: rosy complexion, early eruption of primary and permanent teeth.
caused by tumor, graves disease or hyperplasia of the gland
Hypothyroidism
Common symptom: Enlarged tongue
Decreased out put of thyroid hormone
Cretinism = child
myxedema= older children to adult
Hyperparathyroidism
Diabetes Mellitis
Insulin Dependent
pancreas not making insulin. Symptoms include excessive thirst, appetite and urination. Requires insulin injection
Non-Insulin Dependent
insulin resistant
pts usually obese
exagg response to plaque
decreased infection resistant
Addison Disease
steriod replacement therapy
primary adrenal cortical insufficiency
Cause is unknow but could be tumor or autoimmune
bronzing skin and melanin macules on skin and oral mucosa
Blood
Anemia
can manifest as pale skin or angular cheilitis
reduction in the oxygen in blood
suppression of bone marrow stem cells
Iron Deficiency Anemia
low iron count in blood
tx= dietary supplements
Pernicious Anemia
Tx with injection of B12
Low B12 count diagnosed through blood test
Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Deficiency
dietary dificiencies from diet alone, alcoholism or pregnancy
Cancer Treatment
Radiation Therapy
Remove sources of infection and teeth with bad prognosis prior to tx
Mucositis is common complication
Destruction of salivary glands by xerostomia. Pt may experience rampant caries, candidiasis and osteoradionexrosis
Chemotherapy
Drugs used for cancer chemo. Affect basal later. Mucositis/ulceration are common complications. < in blood cells
Drug effects the oral cavity
Phenytoin and nifedipine can cause ginigival enlargement
Antibiotics increase risk of thrush
HTN, anxiety, psychotic and antihistamines can cause xerostomia
Tetracycline causes tooth discoloration