Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Chapter 11 Materials (11.4 (Loading and unloading (Metal- loading and…

- - - - Regular= Measure mass + dimensions using Vernier calipers and calculate using equation
      - Liquid- mass of liquid (Mass of liquid + cylinder - cylinder mass) and measure volume, then use equation
      - Irregular- measure mass and immerse in measuring cylinder of water- Volume= volume of water after- volume of water before and then use equation
    - - Alloy- solid mixture of two+ metals
      - Metal A- Volume= VA Mass= ρAVA
      - Metal B- Volume= VB Mass=ρBVB
      - Alloy
        
        Mass= ρAVA+ρBVB
        
        Density= ρAVA + ρBVB ÷ Volume of alloy
- - - - Higher k= stiffer spring
      - F against ΔL = straight line of gradient k through the origin
      - Spring stretched beyond elastic limit it doesn't go back to original length when force is removed
    - - Series
        
        In series tension in each spring is the same and equals the weight (W)
        
        Extension of Spring 1= ΔL1=W/k1
        
        Extension of Spring 2 = ΔL2=W/k2
        
        Total extension, ΔL= ΔL1 + ΔL2
        
        Spring constant= 1/k = 1/k1 +1/k2
      - Parallel
        
        ΔL of both springs is the same
        
        Force needed to stretch Spring 1= F1=k1ΔL
        
        Force needed to stretch Spring 2= F2=k2ΔL
        
        W= F1 + F2
        
        Spring Constant, k= k1 +k2
    - - Energy stored in a spring
        
        Elastic potential is stored
        
        Area under a force-extension graph
- - - - Tensile stress and strain
        
        Tensile stress (Pascals) = tension ÷ area
        
        Tensile strain= ΔL/L
      - Stress-strain curve for different materials
        
        Stiffness compared using gradient of stress-strain line
        
        Strength of material is its UTS (ultimate tensile stress)
        
        Brittle- snaps with no noticeable yield
        
        Ductile- Can be drawn into wire