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transport system in living things (how does plant transport system work…
transport system in living things
questions
how do parts of transport systems work together to transport essential substances?
how does transport system in living things affect other systems in body
why do organisms need transport systems?
living things are made of cells
cells need continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients
cells also produce waste products that need to be removed
in single celled organisms such as amoeba, substances move into and out of the cell directly. so, these organisms do not need a transport system
in complex organisms, such as mammals and flowering plants, there are millions of cells
most of these cells are far away from environment and cannot get materials directly from environment.
therefore, transport system is needed to transport substances to and away from cells
how does human transport system work?
parts of human transport system
main transport system in human body is called circulatory system
heart, blood, blood vessels
role of blood
human body have 5 litres of blood
carry substances to and from cells in body
these substances include nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide
blood contains red blood cells that are suspended in pale yellow liquid called plasma
red blood cells
no nucleus
responsible for red collar of blood
contain substance called haemoglobin which combines with oxygen to carry it around body; haemoglobin releases oxygen when red blood cells pass body cells
bright red when carrying oxygen
plasma
made of water and dissolved substances including nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and mineral salts) and waste substances
note: blood cells have no nuclei and do not divide. they gradually die and are replaced with new ones at rat of about 5 million per second
role of heart
organ which pumps blood around body
about size of fist
all mammals have hearts similar in structure
look at volume b textbook pg 8
walls of heart are made of muscles
role of blood vessels
from heart, blood circulates through rest of circulatory system in tubes known as blood vessels
arteries and veins
arteries
carry blood away from heart
veins
carry blood to heart
pg 9
heart--> lungs--> heart-->body
heart-->lungs
in lungs, blood collects oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
blood is now rich in oxygen and is oxygenated blood
heart--> body
blood carries oxygen to rest of body
after blood has given top its oxygen to all cells, it will have little oxygen and this becomes deoxygenated blood
all working together
the system must work together for whole system to work properly
if one part does not work well, whole system would be affected
for example, if heart stops pumping, no blood would flow and person will die
circulatory system also works with other body systems
food passes from digestive system into blood
oxygen is taken in by lungs (main organs in respiratory system) and enters blood
circulatory system carries food and oxygen to all cells of body
circulatory system also takes waste substances from cells to lungs and kidneys which are part of excretory system where they are removed form body
how does plant transport system work
plants need transport system, like animals
used to carry water, minerals and nutrients to all cells in plant
made of vessels in roots, stem and leaves
2 types of vessels in flowering plant: xylem and phloem
in many flowering plants, xylem and phloem run side by side framing bundles called vascular bundles
pg 12 for diagram
work together to ensure that all cells in plats get necessary sugar, water and minerals. if one part doesn't work properly, cells will not get nutrients they need and plant will die
ensures that all parts of plant receive water, mineral salts and sugar
how do substances move in and out of cells
every cell in living thing needs water and food to live and most cells also need oxygen
cells need to remove waste substances, such as carbon dioxide
DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS
DIFFUSION
overall movement of molecules from region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration
look at pg 13 for diagram
diffusion through a membrane
diffusion can take place through a membrane
membranes have small pores that allow small molecules to pass through but not large molecules
as they do not allow all molecules to pass through, they are called partially or selectively permeable membranes
one tube that has a partially permeable membrane is risking tubing
pg 14 for picture
experiment
in the setup, the starch molecules are too large to pass through membrane
smaller ink molecules diffuse through membrane, from inside tubing into water in boiling tube
but as particles are in constant motion, some of them will also diffuse back again
thus, there is a two-way movement of ink particles across membrane
overall, there is a net movement of ink particles from inside the visking tubing to the water in boiling tube. eventually, both sides will have same concentration of ink particles