Sources of risk in disciplines related to the built environment
Structural Hazards
Failure of building, bridge, etc. structures
Failure of dam structures
Failure of offshore structures
Failure of pipelines
Failures of nuclear power plants
Failures in chemical facilities
Flawed design
Untested new technology (materials, construction tecniques, etc.)
Deterioration and maintenance
Environmental Hazards
Hazardous materials spills, leakages and discharges from industrial activities
Domestic solid and liquid waste discharge into water and soil
Domestic release of smoke from cooling and heating into air
Discharge of air pollutants from transport
Discharge of organic waste from agriculture
Environmental, landuse and ecosystem alterations due to construction, transport and industrial activities
Natural Hazards
Geophysical (earthquake, tsunami, landslide, rockfall, volcanic eruption)
Meteorological (storm, typhoon, tornado, extreme temp., hail)
Hydrological (flood, landslide, avalanche, extreme waves)
Climatological (drought, wildfire, glacial lake outburst, cryospheric hazards)
Extraterrestrial (asteroid impact, airburst space weather, geomagnetic storm)
Hazards to People
Industrial Accidents (fire, explosion, radiation, temperature, pressure)
Transport Accidents (air, road, rail, sea)
Human Error
Malicious Hazards
Physical attacks on structural assets
Cyber attacks on (critical) infrastructure