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Chapter 23 (Rosid Clade (pinnately compound leaves (this is an ancestral…
Chapter 23
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Astrid Clade
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contains plants like the sunflower, periwinkle and petunia and moving glory
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astrids exploit very specialized pollinators that recognize complex floral patterns and such plants could not evolve before derived
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angiosperms contain the greatest number living species 257,000
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The point is that we must not think about evolution as a linear progression forward and upward with each new group leaving the previous ones behind
in most angiosperm carpels, the edges of sporophyll primordia crowd against each other and grow shuts sometimes leaving a visible suture, sometimes closing so completely that no sign of a seam remains
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Monocots
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because all monocots lack ordinary secondary growth and wood their ancestors were probably herbs with either no vascular cambium or little cambial activity
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in the evolutionally lines of broadleaf monocots such as palms, philodendrons and dieffenbachias
Hydrocharis, Najas, and Hydrilla are found in swamps and marshes
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although many species retain a large number pf [;isomorphic features others have become highly modified in response to the unusual selection pressures associated with an aquatic habitat
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Basal angiosperms
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they are small soft-bodied herbs with vascular bundles scattered like those in monocots and they completely lack any wood
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magnolia flowers have numerous stamens and carpels are not fused together into a pistil as occurs in almost all monocots and eudicots
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Eudicots
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Basal Eudicots
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poppy family, Papaveraceae is well known for their ornamental species
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Caryophyllales
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nucleus cells proliferate and from a nutrient tissue called perisperm which surrounds the developing embryo
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commelinoid monocots
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Arecales
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leaves of palms always occur only near the shoot apex never distributed along the length of the stem
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Zingiberales
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maranta, calathea, canna, and gingers
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