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Skeletal system-Anatomy Luz Ponce~Period 5 (Disorders (Osteoporosis (Bone…
Skeletal system-Anatomy
Luz Ponce~Period 5
Names of bones
Anterior bones
Head
Frontal bones
Orbital bone
Nasal bone
Maxilla bone
Mandible bone
Middle part
Clavicle
Sternum
Ribs
Xiphoid
Humerus
Vertebral Column
Ulna
Radius
Lower part
Coxal bone
Ilium
Pubis
Sacrum
Coccyx
Ischium
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Posterior bones
Head/ neck
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Cervical vertebrane
Middle
Scapula
Thoracic
Lumbar
Lower
Coxal
Sacrum
Coccyx
Ischium
femur
Fibula
Tiba
Calcaneus
Types of bones:
4 types
Long bones
Are longer than they are wide. Ex.:arms,legs,patella
Short bones
Are square of cube shaped. Ex.:wrist,ankle,and patella
Flat bones
Flat, thin bones,often curved. Ex.:skull plate,ribs, and sternum
Irregular bones
odd,irregular shaped. Ex.: pelvis,vertebrae,and scapula
Anatomy of a long bone:
Epiphysis
Ends of bone,compact bone enclosed with spongy bone
Articular Cartilage
smooth, glassy cartilage allows bones to glide past one another
Medullary cavity
filled with yellow bone marrow
Periosteum
covers bone
Diapyhsis
shaft of compact bone covered with Periosteum
Endosteum
thin membrane lining of medullary cavity and connective tissue.
Microscopic anatomy of compact bone
Network of Osteons (Haversian system)
Arranged in rings (concentric lamella) surrounding central canal (Haversian Canal)
Lamella connected by canaliculi
Lacuna embedded between rings
Bone remodeling
Ossification aka osteogenesis 2 types
Intramembranous ossification
forms between the membranes of connective tissue
Endochondral Ossification
Forms by replacing hyaline cartilage
Bone Fracture Repair
1- Reduced (rested/realigned)
2.Reduction~bone is rested, realigned and immobilized by cast
Hematoma is formed~signals released to start the process of repairing bone
4.Fibrocartilage callous forms~a temporary “bridge” or connection between ends of the broken bones
Joints and examples
Fibrous joints
Sutures of the skull
Synovial joints
Most joints
Cartilaginous joint
Public symphysis or intervertebral disks
Differences between female and male pelvis
The pelvic outlet
The pubic angle
Disorders
Osteoporosis
Bone thinning disease, makes bone fragile and break easily
Sprain
Ligaments or tendons reinforcing joints are torn or stretched
Bursitis
inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction
Tendonitis
Inflammation of tendon sheaths
Arthritis
Inflammatory or degeneration diseases of joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis
An autoimmune disease~the immune system attacks the joints
Gouty arthritis
Inflammation of joints caused by a deportation of urate crystals from the blood