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Market Entry Strategies (Intermediate Modes (Licensing (Disadvantages…
Market Entry Strategies
Export Modes
Cooperative Export
Disadvantages
Dependent on Partners
Advantages
Synergy Effect
Costs Distributed among Partners
Indirect Export
Disadvantages
Lack of Knowledge on Markets
Dependent on Intermediary
Low Profitability
Advantages
Low Risk
Low Requirements for Staffing
Low Cost
Direct Export
Disadvantages
More Expenses and Time
Many Responsibilities
Hard to Handle Customer Needs
Advantages
Higher Profits
No Middlemen
Close Relationship with Buyers
Intermediate Modes
Licensing
Disadvantages
Disloyalty Possibilities
Low Income
Lack of Control
Advantages
Low Risk
Steady Income
Low Entry Cost
Contract Manufacturing
Disadvantages
Hidden Costs
Loss of Control
Advantages
Cost Advantages
Operational Advantages
Quality Control
Franchising
Disadvantages
Share Profits with Franchisees
Potentially have Conflicts with Partners
Control Cost
Advantages
Rapid Foreign Expansion Possibilities
Simple Expansion Possibilities
Low Cost
Management Contracting
Disadvantages
Conflicts with Contractors
Contract is Questionable
Less Privacy
Advantages
Continuity is not Affected
Distribution of Responsibility
Time to Work in other Areas
Joint Venture
Disadvantages
High Risk
Conflicting Interests of Partners
High Entry Costs
Advantages
Multiple Sources of Knowledge
Risk Spread Out
Synergy Effect
Hierarchical Modes
Sales & Production Subsidiary
Disadvantages
"Take Money from Host Country"
High Cost
Largest Time Investment
Advantages
High Market Share
High Profits
Resident Sales Rep
Disadvantages
High Investment
Low Flexibility
Advantages
Market Access
Control of Operations
Region Centres
Disadvantages
Very Complex
Socially Complex
Need of Tacit Knowledge
Advantages
Scale Efficiency
Synergies on Global Scale
Domestic-Based Sales Rep
Disadvantages
Expensive for Markets Far From Home
Travel Expenses are High
Advantages
Close with Customers
More Control Over Shares
Transnational Organization
Disadvantages
Outsider Decision Making
Outflow of Wealth
Exploitation of Cheap Labor
Advantages
Makes Technological Contribution
Exports are Enhanced
Larger Economic Impact