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Chapter 9 (Flower Structures # (PETALS- above the sepals on receptacle…

- - - - within ovary are placentae bearing small structures- OVULES
        
        ovule central mass of parenchyma- NUCELLUS
        
        megasporocyte undergoes meiosis to produce 4 megospores
        
        ovule developes into seed after it is fertilized
        
        surrounding ovary develops into fruit
- - - - 1 cell= binucleate
        
        7 cells = 1 large central wall
        
        3 small antipodal cell, 2 polar nuclei
        
        an egg apparatus consisting of 2 snergids and an egg
- - - - gamete-syngamy= diploid zygote= new sporophyte
        
        Oogamous plants' microspores -microgametophytes, +sperm
        
        eggs- megagametophytes- megasporse
        
        alternation of generations
- - - - Penetrates the nucellus
      - reaches the egg apparatus
      - enters the synergid
      - 2 sperm released
        
        1 sperm moves through synergid, looses protoplasm, to fuse with egg nucleus
        
        Angiosperms, 2 sperm nucleus migrates into central cell
        
        establishes large triploid endosperm nucleus
        
        double fertilization
        
        Endosperm under goes rapid mitosis
        
        ccentral cell enlarges- huge cell w/ bunches of nuclei
        
        resulting endosperm nourishes development of zygote
        
        undergoes karyogamy w/ both nuclei
- - - - Embryo elongates& short axis establishes
        
        epicotyl (embryonic stem)
        
        Hypocotyl (root/shoot junction)
        
        radicle (embryonic root)
        
        Cotyledons store nutrients used during & after germination
        
        endosperm nutrients may be transferred to cotyledons as seed matures
        
        Monocots, endosperm remain in mature seed
        
        Mature Seed - endosperm is abundent an albuminous seed
        
        if endosperm sparse or absent at maturit, seed is exalbuminous
        
        Integuments that surround the nucllus, expand and mature into seed coat
      - end opposite from the suspensor develops 2 primordia the develope into 1-2 cotyledons
- - - - mesocarp is the middle- flesh
      - endocarp the innermost- tough or thin
      - exocarp is the outer- skin/peel
      - the entire fruit wall is the pericarp