Emotional and Cognitive Socialization Outcomes
Values
normality is a societal perception based on societal norms
values are affected by age, experience, cognitive development, and moral reasoning
values clarification is the process of discovering what is personally worthwhile or desirable in life
Involves making decisions
values are the basis for attitudes
Attitudes
prejudice- comes from categorizing or stereotyping
sterotypes come from fixed attitude or set of beliefs about members of a group
influences of attitude development: family, instruction, reinforcement, peers, media, community, school
Motives
a need or emotion that causes a person to act
mastery motivation
achievement motivation
intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
locus of control- how people attribute their performance or where they place responsibility for success or failure
learned helplessness- exhibited by people who no longer perform effectively in a number of situations
Locus of Control
internal locus of control- people who believe they can cause things to happen if they choose
external locus of control- individuals who perceive that others or outside forces have more control over them than they do
Self-efficacy
the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes- empowerment
can predict future performance
personal agency
Self-esteem
the value one places on one's identity
parental approval is critical to developing self-esteem
peers
mass media