Respiratory and Urinary tract Bacterial Infection

Respiratory

Upper

Lower

Bronchitis

Infectious rhinitis

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis

Laryngitis

Pseudo-membrane:
exudatuve membrane on mucosa

Bacterial infection:
b-hemolytic streptococci: sore throats
Staphylococcus aureus

Primary bacterial infection
Secondary bacterial infection: superimposed
on viral infection

Follicular tonsillitis:

  • enlarged reddened tonsils
  • exudate from tonsillar crypts

Urinary

Pyelonephritis

Acute cystitis

Suppurative urethritis

Bacilli

Gram(-) 85%

  • E.coli
  • Proteus
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterobacter

Gram(+)

  • Streptococcus faecalis
  • Staphylococcus

Bacterial infection

Hematogenous infection

Ascending infection

Septicemia, infective endocarditis

  • debilitated patients
  • immunosuppressive therapy
  • Staphylococcal infection

Complication of urinary tract infection
involving bladder (cystitis) , kidney and renal pelvis (pyelonephritis)

Acute pyelonephritis

Bacterial infection

Renal lesion associated
with urinary infection infection

Chronic pyelonephritis

Bacterial infection: dominant role

Vesicoureteral reflux

Urinary tract obstruction

Causes

Urinary tract obstruction

Instrumentation, most commonly catheterization

Vesicoureteral reflux

Pregnancy

Gender and age

  • 1-40 years old
  • more frequent in female
  • old male- prostatic hypertrophy
    and instrumentation

Preexisting intraeprenal scarring and obstruction

Diabetes mellitus

  • neurogenic bladderdysfunction
  • instrumentation

Immunosuppression and immunodeficiency

Clinical manifestation

Sudden onset

Pain at costovertebral

Fever and malaise

Dysuria, frequency, urgency

Leukocytes in urine (pyruia)

Laryngeal obstruction

  • mucosal congestion
  • exudation
  • edema

Haemophilus influenza

b-hemolytic streptococci in
infants and young children

Croup

  • narrowing of airway in children
  • sudden swelling of epiglottis and
    vocal cord
  • inspiratory stridor

Chronic bronchitis

Symptoms

Productive cough

Cor pulmonale/ right heart failure

Pathogenesis

Tobacco smoking

Bacterial infection

Protease from neutrophil -
mucus hypersecretion
(mucus gland hypertrophy)

Pathology

Large airway disease (bronchitis)

Hypertrophy of mucus gland

  • Reid index

Mucus plugging

Small airway disease (bronchiolitis)

Inflammation and fibrosis
in bronchiolar wall

Acute suppurative inflammation
of kidney

Bacterial infection of
urinary bladder

Retrograde spread of microorganism
inti kidney and renal pelvis

  • E.coli
  • Proteus
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterobacter

Women (shorter urethra)

Pathogenesis

Colonization of the distal
urethra by bacteria

From urethra to bladder

Urinary tract obstruction and stasis of urine

Vesicoureteral reflux

Intrarenal reflux

Bacterial infection
of urethra

Gonococcal urethritis

Nongonococcal urethritis

Accompanied by cystitis in women
and prostatitis in men

Reiter syndrome

  • clinical triad of arthritis,
    conjunctivitis and urethritis

E.coli

Enteric organisms

Gonorrhea

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
pyogenic infection

Male

Female

Bartholin adenitis

Cervicitis

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Tuboovarian abscess

Salpingitis

Infertility

Ectopic pregnancy

Urethritis

Prostate

Epididymis

Abscess

Stricture

Infertility