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Respiratory and Urinary tract Bacterial Infection (Urinary (Acute cystitis…

- - - - Pseudo-membrane:
        exudatuve membrane on mucosa
      - Bacterial infection:
        b-hemolytic streptococci: sore throats
        Staphylococcus aureus
      - Primary bacterial infection
        Secondary bacterial infection: superimposed
        on viral infection
      - Follicular tonsillitis:
        
        enlarged reddened tonsils
        
        exudate from tonsillar crypts
    - - Laryngeal obstruction
        
        mucosal congestion
        
        exudation
        
        edema
      - Haemophilus influenza
        
        b-hemolytic streptococci in
        infants and young children
      - Croup
        
        narrowing of airway in children
        
        sudden swelling of epiglottis and
        vocal cord
        
        inspiratory stridor
  - - - Chronic bronchitis
        
        Symptoms
        
        Productive cough
        
        Cor pulmonale/ right heart failure
        
        Pathogenesis
        
        Tobacco smoking
        
        Protease from neutrophil -
        mucus hypersecretion
        (mucus gland hypertrophy)
        
        Bacterial infection
        
        Pathology
        
        Large airway disease (bronchitis)
        
        Hypertrophy of mucus gland
        
        Reid index
        
        Mucus plugging
        
        Small airway disease (bronchiolitis)
        
        Inflammation and fibrosis
        in bronchiolar wall
- - - - Bacterial infection
      - Renal lesion associated
        with urinary infection infection
      - Causes
        
        Urinary tract obstruction
        
        Instrumentation, most commonly catheterization
        
        Vesicoureteral reflux
        
        Pregnancy
        
        Gender and age
        
        1-40 years old
        
        more frequent in female
        
        old male- prostatic hypertrophy
        and instrumentation
        
        Preexisting intraeprenal scarring and obstruction
        
        Diabetes mellitus
        
        neurogenic bladderdysfunction
        
        instrumentation
        
        Immunosuppression and immunodeficiency
      - Clinical manifestation
        
        Sudden onset
        
        Pain at costovertebral
        
        Fever and malaise
        
        Dysuria, frequency, urgency
        
        Leukocytes in urine (pyruia)
      - Acute suppurative inflammation
        of kidney
    - - Bacterial infection: dominant role
      - Vesicoureteral reflux
      - Urinary tract obstruction
  - - - Septicemia, infective endocarditis
      - debilitated patients
        
        immunosuppressive therapy
        
        Staphylococcal infection
    - - Pathogenesis
        
        Colonization of the distal
        urethra by bacteria
        
        From urethra to bladder
        
        Urinary tract obstruction and stasis of urine
        
        Vesicoureteral reflux
        
        Intrarenal reflux
  - - - E.coli
      - Enteric organisms