Respiratory and Urinary tract Bacterial Infection
Respiratory
Upper
Lower
Bronchitis
Infectious rhinitis
Pharyngitis and tonsillitis
Laryngitis
Pseudo-membrane:
exudatuve membrane on mucosa
Bacterial infection:
b-hemolytic streptococci: sore throats
Staphylococcus aureus
Primary bacterial infection
Secondary bacterial infection: superimposed
on viral infection
Follicular tonsillitis:
- enlarged reddened tonsils
- exudate from tonsillar crypts
Urinary
Pyelonephritis
Acute cystitis
Suppurative urethritis
Bacilli
Gram(-) 85%
- E.coli
- Proteus
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
Gram(+)
- Streptococcus faecalis
- Staphylococcus
Bacterial infection
Hematogenous infection
Ascending infection
Septicemia, infective endocarditis
- debilitated patients
- immunosuppressive therapy
- Staphylococcal infection
Complication of urinary tract infection
involving bladder (cystitis) , kidney and renal pelvis (pyelonephritis)
Acute pyelonephritis
Bacterial infection
Renal lesion associated
with urinary infection infection
Chronic pyelonephritis
Bacterial infection: dominant role
Vesicoureteral reflux
Urinary tract obstruction
Causes
Urinary tract obstruction
Instrumentation, most commonly catheterization
Vesicoureteral reflux
Pregnancy
Gender and age
- 1-40 years old
- more frequent in female
- old male- prostatic hypertrophy
and instrumentation
Preexisting intraeprenal scarring and obstruction
Diabetes mellitus
- neurogenic bladderdysfunction
- instrumentation
Immunosuppression and immunodeficiency
Clinical manifestation
Sudden onset
Pain at costovertebral
Fever and malaise
Dysuria, frequency, urgency
Leukocytes in urine (pyruia)
Laryngeal obstruction
- mucosal congestion
- exudation
- edema
Haemophilus influenza
b-hemolytic streptococci in
infants and young children
Croup
- narrowing of airway in children
- sudden swelling of epiglottis and
vocal cord - inspiratory stridor
Chronic bronchitis
Symptoms
Productive cough
Cor pulmonale/ right heart failure
Pathogenesis
Tobacco smoking
Bacterial infection
Protease from neutrophil -
mucus hypersecretion
(mucus gland hypertrophy)
Pathology
Large airway disease (bronchitis)
Hypertrophy of mucus gland
- Reid index
Mucus plugging
Small airway disease (bronchiolitis)
Inflammation and fibrosis
in bronchiolar wall
Acute suppurative inflammation
of kidney
Bacterial infection of
urinary bladder
Retrograde spread of microorganism
inti kidney and renal pelvis
- E.coli
- Proteus
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
Women (shorter urethra)
Pathogenesis
Colonization of the distal
urethra by bacteria
From urethra to bladder
Urinary tract obstruction and stasis of urine
Vesicoureteral reflux
Intrarenal reflux
Bacterial infection
of urethra
Gonococcal urethritis
Nongonococcal urethritis
Accompanied by cystitis in women
and prostatitis in men
Reiter syndrome
- clinical triad of arthritis,
conjunctivitis and urethritis
E.coli
Enteric organisms
Gonorrhea
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
pyogenic infection
Male
Female
Bartholin adenitis
Cervicitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Tuboovarian abscess
Salpingitis
Infertility
Ectopic pregnancy
Urethritis
Prostate
Epididymis
Abscess
Stricture
Infertility