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The Social Psychology of Emotions (Emotions, Evolution and Culture +…
The Social Psychology of Emotions
Emotion and Mood
Emotion
Internal feeling states that motivate behaviour & interrupt cognition
changes in action and cognition
intense, short-lived
differ in terms of temporal quality
produce particular responses that confer adaptive advantage
emerge from interactions between ind & environment
Mood
diffuse, prolonged duration
Affect = emotion + mood
Affiliative (approach) vs Distancing (avoidance)
Approach-motivating/ affiliative emotion
anger, sadness, enthusiasm, joy, gratitude
strengthen or weaken bonds between ind. = social glue
Avoidance-motivating
fear, sadness, disgust, shame, enbarrassment, guilt
Assertive emotions
Manage relationship btw inds.
can be expressed as a way to negotiate status & hierarchies
Emotions, Evolution and Culture + Context
Product of
evolutionary forces
, shapred over a period of time
Basic emotions
universal, expressed in a similar manner regardless of cultural differences
Cultural factors
comples/ cultural specific emotions are combination of basic emotion, within unique social environment
Context
societal "rules"
deemed appropriate depending on situation and demands of situation
mismatch/ incongruency
btw emotional expression & situation -->
unusual, strange, downright unnerving, poorer evaluations of the ind. expressing the emotions
Emotional Labour
conscious, deliberate regulation of emotional expression to match a particular job
need to potray a certain set of emotions, follow display rules when performing roles
obvious in service type industries
frequent mismatch btw actual & expressed emotions --> stress, depersonalization, burnout
1. Surface Acting
Acting in "bad faith"
modify outward expressions of emotions without modifying internal, felt emotions
2. Deep Acting
"Good faith"
consicous regulation of emotion
outwards emotion expressions match internal, felt emotions
Emotional Contagion
Process of a person/group consciosly or unconsiously induces a similar emotion state in another person/group
Relies on two processes: mimicry & synchrony
Social virus
Chameleon effect
Help to bond and connect emotionally with others
When we catch the emotions --> converge on their emotions states, mirroring the feelings & behaviours of other person
Second-hand depression
Too much spillover of unpleasant emotions btw ind.
In Dyads and Groups
Can occur in non face-to-face interactions
Massive-scale EC on Facebook
mood can be transferred over social media (20 years)
Reducing positive expression (via manipulation of user's news feed) --> ppl posting less positive updates, more negative updates
Conclusion: in-person interaction & non-verbal ces are not necessary for EC