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Autonomic Nervous System. Alyssa Miller (innervation on major structures…
Autonomic Nervous System. Alyssa Miller
Sympathetic Nervous system
origination
thoracolumbar region
effectors
glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
short pre ganglionic/long post ganglionic axons
"fight or flight"
neurotransmitters: after first axon- acetylcholine, after second axon- norepinephrine
Parasympathetic Nervous system
Origination
cervical, thoracic, lumbar region
effectors
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
long pre ganglionic/short post ganglionic axons
"rest and digest"
neurotransmitters: acetylcholine
innervation on major structures
Heart
symp: increase heart rate and force of contraction
decrease heart rate
lung airways
symp: dilate bronchioles
para: constrict bronchioles
iris of eye
symp: dilation of pupils
para: constriction of pupil
GI tract
symp: decrease activity of glands, smooth muscle of digestive organs, and constrict sphincters
para: increase activity or glands, smooth muscle of digestive organs, and relaxes sphincters
accessory digestive organs
symp: liver- increase release of glucose, salivary glands- decrease secretion
para: salivary glands- increase secretion
lens of the eye
symp: changes lens for distance vision
para: changes lens for near vision
blood vessels
symp: constrict most blood vessels of the abdominal organs + skin, dilate blood vessels to skeletal muscles, heart, brain
para: little or no effect, some coronary blood vessels (vasoconstriction)
sweat glands
symp: activate; para: no effect
arrector pili
symp: activate; para: no effect
adrenal medulla
symp: activate and inhance other symp organs or activate (by secretion of epinephrine + norepinephrine)