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Autonomic Nervous System (Major functions within visceral organs (Iris: P…
Autonomic Nervous System
Major Anatomical Features
T1 - L2 Spinal Nerves
Preganglionic Neuron
Post ganglionic Neuron
Autonomic Ganglion
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine and Norepiniephrine
Major functions
Parasympathetic
Increase: digestion
elimination of urine/feces
maintenance functions
Restrict pupils
Sympathetic
Increase: heart rate;
breathing;
pupil dilation;
blood pressure
Decrease: digestion
Increase to skeletal muscle activity
Division within CNS
Parasympathetic
craniosacral division
autonomic ganglia close to organ
short post ganglionic axons; near or inside organ
Sympathetic
Thoracolumbar division
Long postganglionic axons
autonomic ganglia close to CNS
Major functions within visceral organs
Iris:
P: constrict pupils
S: dilate pupils
Blood Vessels:
P: minimal effect
vasoconstriction of coronary vessels
S: constrict to increase BP
constrict to skin and viscera
dilate to vessels of brain, heart, skeletal muscles
Lens:
P: adjust lens for near vision
S: adjust lens for distance vision
GI Tract:
P: Increase in gland and
visceral muscle activity
Relaxing of Sphincters
S: Decrease gland and muscle activity
constrict sphincters
Sweat glands:
P: no effect
S: increase secretion
Airways of Lungs:
P: bronchoconstriction
S: bronchodilation
Arrector Pili muscles
P: No Effect
S: contraction
Accessory Digestive Organs:
P: No effect
S: decrease activity
release glucose
Adrenal Medulla:
P: release of norepinephrine
S: release of epinephrine
Heart:
P: Decrease Heart rate
S: Increase heart rate;
Increase force of contraction
Increase of signals from SA Node
Increase muscle contraction (force)