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ENDOCRINE, LYMPH AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS (GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM…
ENDOCRINE, LYMPH AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
PITUITORY GLAND
ANTERIOR PITUITORY: a true endocrine gland, its action is regulated by the hypothalamus by secreting hormones that causes it to secret or inhibit its secretions.
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POSTERIOR PIYUITORY: not a true endocrine gland, it stores oxytocin and vasopressin synthesised by hypothalamus
THYROID GLAND
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CALCITONIN: active only in children, decreases activity of osteoclast which breaks down bone
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ADRENAL GLAND
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ZONA RETICULARIS: secretes glucocorticoids and androgen ( in other tissues it becomes testosterones and estrogen
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PANCREAS: has islet alpha and beta cells that secretes glucagon and insulin that increase or decrease blood sugar levels respectively
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TESTES AND OVARIES: secretes testosterone, estrogen and progesterone respectively
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GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: 1. take up excess interstitial fluid and return to blood, 2.absorbs lipids from small intestine, 3. works with immune system to combat invaders.
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LYMPH VESSELS: only epithelial tissues, only take in interstitial fluid, have valves to keep lymph moving, lymph circulation is not a circuit like blood circulation. capillaries-vessels- trunk-duct, ducts connects to the right and left brachiocephalic veins
LYMPH DRAINAGE & BODY REGIONS: right side of the face+ right upper extremity+ right thoracic and right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity drain into the right lymphatic duct. All the other parts of the body drain into the thoracic duct
LYMPHATIC CELLS: T lymphocytes binds with a foreign cell antigen, then secretes proteins into the cell that lyse the cell and kills it. B lymphocytes transforms into plasma cells, makes antibodies and binds to antigens on the foreign cell and kills it. B lymphocytes are memory cells
LYMPH NODES: has several afferent lymph vessels entering it, has 1-2 efferent vessels, composed of reticular connective tissue that provides space, functions to destroy antigens and pathogens
MUCOSA ASSOCIATES LYMPHATIC TISSUE: composed of loose connective tissue with abundant lymphocytes. located in the digestive, urinary, respiratory, and reproductive systems. functions to destroy pathogens that enter the body through body openings.
TONSILS: tubal tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils, palatine tonsils, and lingual tonsils, they trap foreign cells, destroys and creates memory lymphocytes
THYMUS: located in the lower neck and on top of the heart, secretes thymic hormone that causes T lymphocytes to become immunocompetence
SPLEEN: composed of reticular tissue (like a big lymph node), removes or destroys pathogens, and recycles old erythrocytes. Sinusoid capillaries found in spleen.
LYMPHOID NODULES: are scattered all over the body, they trap and destroy pathogens, they are packed with lymphocytes including appendix
LEUCOCYTES
GRANULOCYTES
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EOSINIPHILS: phagocytes for allergens/ destroys parasites (larger and usually found in the digestive system
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AGRANULOCYTES
MONOCYTES: found in blood vessels-go in to tissues, there they become macrophages
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