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Endocrine system (Differences between Nervous and Endocrine Systems…
Endocrine system
Differences between Nervous and Endocrine Systems control body function
Types of target cells
Nervous:
Muscle- all 3 types of glands
Endocrine:
Various cells
Target cells throughout the body
Time to onset of action
Nervous:
milliseconds
Endocrine:
seconds, hours, days
Site of messenger action
Nervous:
From axon terminal to synapse
Binds with target
Endocrine:
Near or far target cells
Duration of action
Nervous:
milliseconds
Endocrine:
hours, days
Messenger molecule
Nervous:
neurotransmitter
Endocrine:
Hormone
Adrenal Cortex
action:
Produces corticosteroids
Zona
Secretes mineralocoroids
make the kidneys reabsorb water and sodium
Zona
helps keep blood glucose levels normal
helps us deal with stress; long term/short term
secretes glucortcoids
Zona
secretes glucoticoids and androgen
other tissue becomes testosterone + estrogen
Thymus gland
location:
endocrine & immune system
cause the T lymphocytes to become immunocompetent
secretes thymic hormones
endocrine tissue/cells & target cells
location cells:
pancreas, thymus, gonads, hypothalamus, heart
location tissue:
gastro intestinal tract, digestive tract, placenta, kidneys
Target cell
defenistration of hormones
bind a particular hormone/ changed in a way
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Hormone
action:
Increase rate of metabolism
metabolism- conversion of nutrients to energy
Calcitonin
action:
Active only in children
Decreases the activity of osteoclasts
Anterior pituitary
Function:
Hypothalamus:
secretes hormone that the release of the hormone.
secretes hormone that inhibits hormone secretion.
True endocrine gland
endocrine organs
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
action:
stimulates hormone release from the cortex of adrenal gland
Gondatropins
action:
stimulate gonads to produce hormone
follicle stimulationg hormones
luteinizing hormone
follicle stimulating hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
prolactin
action:
stimulates the synthesis of milk - breast tissue
growth hormone
testes/ ovaries
testes
secrete testosterone
ovaries
secrete estrogen & progesterone
pancreas/adrenal medulla
adrenal medulla
action:
chemical messenger
location:
sympathetic and endocrine system
pancreas
exocrine (acinar cells)
forms most glands
secrete digestive enzymes into small intestine
endocrine
islet cells (little islands)
alpha cells
action:
glucagon- increase blood glucose
action:
insulin- decrease blood glucose
Goes to the 30% of the brain
Parathyroid glands
Parathyroid hormone
action:
increase blood calcium levels when they fall to low
Posterior pituitary
action:
stores hormones
hypothalamus synthesizes two hormones that are stored in axon terminals
oxytocin- stimulates contraction of the uterus
vasopressin - anti diuretic hormone
outgrowth of brain