Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Flowers and Reproduction (Inflorescences and Pollination (Determinate…

- - - - Haploid Sex Cells
      - Sperm or Eggs
      - Can Undergo Syngamy or Fertilization
    - - Formation of a Sperm and Egg Cell
      - Fertilized Egg
    - - Sporophytes
        
        Always Diploid
        
        Capable of Meiosis
        
        Meiosis Results in Haploid Spores
        
        Spores Cannot Undergo Syngamy
        
        Grows into a Gametophyte
    - - Small Sperm Cells
      - Able to Swim
    - - Large Egg Cells
      - Cannot Swim
    - - Male
      - Grow from Microspores
    - - Female
      - Grow from Megaspores
    - - Consists of two Generations
      - Heteromorphic Generations
        
        Gametophytes don't Resemble Sporophytes
  - - - Flower Stalk
    - - Very End of Axis
      - Where other Flower Parts are Attached
    - - Petals
        
        Petals Make up the Corolla
        
        Sepals and Petals Make up the Perianth
        
        Contain Pigments other than Chlorophyll
        
        Few to No Fibers
        
        Thin and Delicate
        
        Can Absorb UV Lights
      - Sepals
        
        Lower and Outermost Part
        
        Modified Leaves
        
        Surround and Enclose Other Parts
        
        Thickest, Toughest, and Waxiest
        
        Protects Flowering Bud
        
        Protects from Birds and Insects
        
        Calyx is all the Sepals
      - Stamens
        
        Collectively called Androecium
        
        Referred to as the Male Part
        
        Filament
        
        Stalk
        
        Anther
        
        Where Pollen is Produced
        
        Microsporocytes
        
        Tapetum
        
        Act as Nurse Cells to Microsporocytes
      - Carpels
        
        Make Up the Gynoecium
        
        Located on the Highest Level
        
        Stigma
        
        Catches Pollen Grains
        
        Style
        
        Elevates the Stigma to Useful Positions
        
        Ovary
        
        Where Megaspores are Produced
        
        Placentae
        
        Regions of Tissue
        
        Bear Ovules
        
        Central Mass of Parenchyma called Nucellus
        
        Megasporocytes
        
        Develop into Seeds after Fertilization
        
        Can have 0 to Many Cartels
      - Complete Flowers have all 4
      - Incomplete Lack 1-2
  - - - What Microspores Develop into
      - Very Small and Simple
      - Consists of a Vegetative Cell and 2 Sperm Cells
      - Pollen Tube
        
        Penetrates into the Stigma
        
        Carries Sperm Cell to Ovule
    - - Technical Term is Embryo Sac
      - One Large Central Cell
      - Two Polar Nuclei
      - Three Small Antipodal Cells
      - An Egg Apparatus
      - And an Egg
  - - - Syngamy of Sperm and Egg
    - - Fusion of the Protoplasts
    - - Triploid
      - Three Sets of Full Genes
      - Double Fertilization
    - - Nourishes Zygote Development
  - - - Short, Stalk-Like Structure
      - Pushes Embryo into Endosperm
      - Usually Delicate
    - - Two Primordia
      - Occurs in Basal Angiosperms and Eudicots
    - - Short Axis Established
        
        Radicle
        
        Embryonic Root
        
        Epicotyl
        
        Embryonic Stem
        
        Hypocotyl
        
        Shoot/Root Junction
    - - Mature Speed
      - Endosperm is Abundant
    - - Sparse or Absent Endosperm
    - - Also Called Testa
      - Expanded and Matured Integuments
  - - - What the Ovary Develops Into
    - - Exocarp
        
        Outer Layer
        
        Skin or Peel
      - Mesocarp
        
        Middle Layer
        
        Flesh
      - Endocarp
        
        Innermost Layer
        
        May be Tough or Thin
      - Pericarp
        
        Entire Fruit Wall
- - - - Pollinating from the Same Individual
  - - - Chemical Reactions that Prevent Pollen Growth
      - Test of Proteins on Tube Surface
  - - - Stamens and Carpels
      - Produce Critically Important Spores
      - Sexual Reproduction is Affected if Not Present
      - Produce Pollen
    - - Lack Essential Organs
    - - Have Essential Organs
    - - Sepals and Petals
      - Don't Produce Pollen
    - - Individuals that Produce only Staminate Flowers
      - Individuals that Only Produce Carpellate Flowers
      - Individual Cannot Produce Both
      - Extreme Adaptation
    - - Staminate and Carpellate Flowers on Same Plant
  - - - Shape is Important
      - Actinomorphic
        
        Also called Regular
        
        Radially Symmetrical
      - Zygomorphic
        
        Bilaterally Symmetrical Flowers
  - - - Ovaries Located Below Other Organs
      - Many Protective Layers
    - - No Fusion to the Ovary
      - Ovary Above Other Flower Parts
    - - Half Buried Ovary
- - - - Contain Only Ovarian Tissue
    - - Nonovarian Tissue Present
    - - Most Common Kind
      - Develops From Single Ovary
    - - Develop from Separate Cartels that Fuse
      - Raspberries
    - - Individual Fruits Fuse Into One
      - Figs, Mulberries, and Pineapples
  - - - Not Eaten by Seed-Distributing Animals
    - - Eaten During Distributing Process
    - - Break Open and Release Seeds
    - - Don't Break Open
    - - Light in Weight
      - Have Wings or Parachutes
      - Dry
    - - Fruits Can Hook Onto Them
      - Glue Themselves onto the animal
      - Eaten