Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic: Fight or Flight

Parasympathetic: Rest & Digest

ORIGIN: Thoracolumbar

LOCATION OF GANGLIA: Close to CNS. Next to vertebral column, and anterior to vertebral column. PREGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETIC NEURONS: Located in lateral horn of gray matter from T1 to L2

NEUROTRANSMITTERS:

ORIGIN: Craniosacral

NEUROTRANSMITTERS: Pre and Postganglionic axons release Acetylcholine (ACH)

LOCATION OF GANGLIA: POST GANGLIONIC: In or close to organ affected.
PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS CELL BODIES: Located in gray matter of the brain stem.

LENGTH OF PRE/POST GANGLIONIC AXONS: Short Preganglionic, Long postganglionic.

LENGTH OF PRE/POST GANGLIONIC AXONS: Long Preganglionic, short post-ganglionic axons.

THORACOLUMBAR DIVISON: Sympathetic fibers originate from the thoracic and superior lumbar regions of the spinal cord

CRANIOSACRAL DIVISION: Parasympathetic fibers originate from the brain and lumbar region of the spinal cord

PREGANGLIONIC: All release ACh

POSTGANGLIONIC: Most release Norepinephrine

EFFECTORS ("+" Stands for stimulatory, "--" Stands for inhibitory)

EYE + (pupil dilates (iris), lens flattens WEAK INHIBITION (Ciliary body))

SKIN +

SALIVARY GLANDS --

LUNGS + (dilates airway)

HEART + (increases rate, force of heartbeat)

STOMACH --

PANCREAS --

LIVER + (releases Glucose into blood)

GALL BLADDER -- (relaxed)

ADRENAL GLANDS (MEDULLA) + (Stimulates medulla cells to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into bloodstream)

BLADDER --

GENITALS + (ejaculation)

EFFECTORS ("+" stands for stimulatory, "--" stands for inhibitory)

EYE + (constricts pupil (iris), bulges lens for close vision (ciliary body))

SALIVARY GLANDS + (stimulates secretions)

HEART -- (Decreases rate, slows heart)

LUNGS + (constricts bronchioles)

STOMACH +

PANCREAS + (increases secretions)

GALL BLADDER + (stimulates activity, bile)

BLADDER +

GENITAL + (erection)

GI TRACT + (Increases peristalsis, amount of secretion by digestive organs, relaxes sphincters)

BLOOD VESSELS (barely an effect)

SWEAT GLANDS (no innervation)

ARRECTOR PILI (no innervation)

ADRENAL MEDULLA (no innervation)

GI TRACT -- (decreases glandular and muscular activity, constricts sphincters)

BLOOD VESSELS (Constricts most vessels to viscera and skin, Dilates vessels to skeletal muscles)

SWEAT GLANDS + (stimulates sweating)

ARRECTOR PILI + (Stimulates to contract (goosebumps))