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Acid-base balance (Interpreting ABGs (3. CO2: high, low, normal? If fits…

- - - - Pathophysiology
        Increased levels of organic acids (urate, lactate, drugs/toxins)
        due to increased production/reduced secretion
      - Aetiology
        Metabolic: ketoacidosis (starvation, alcohol, DKA),
        lactic acidosis (shock infection, ischemia), renal failure
        Drugs: sialicylate, biguanide, alcohol, methanol,
        ethylene glycol
    - - Pathophysiology
        Loss of HCO3- or ingestion of H+
      - Aetiology
        Autoimmune: Addison's
        Metabolic: RTA (loss HCO3-/retain H+),
        diarrhoea (loss HCO3-), pancreatic fistula
        Drugs: acetazolamide, ammonium chloride