Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
DNA (Transcription (RNA polymerase pries the two strands of DNA apart and…
DNA
Transcription
-
RNA polymerase pries the two strands of DNA apart and going together RNA and the complementary DNA template strand
-
they DO NOT need to add the first nucleotide, they can start from scratch
-
-
The coding strand usually start with TAC so it can put AUG in mRNA while the template strand is the opposite
Transcription factors help eukaryotic rNA polymerase recognize promoter sequences, forming a transcription initiation complex
Translation
-
cell must translate the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule into the amino acid sequences of a polypeptide
-
They are bound by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase where a tRNA lines up via its anticodon at the complementary codon on mRNA
-
formation of peptide bonds between amino acids is catalyzed by rRNAs as tRNAs move through APE sites
-
-
-
Replication
Semiconservative model is where two parental strands separate, and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand
Getting Started
-
-
Helicases are enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication fork (they separate two parental strands and make them available for template strands)
After the parental strands separate, single-strand binding proteins bind to unpaired DNA strands, keeping them from re-pairing
Topoisomerase is an enzyme that breaks, swivels, and rejoins the parental DNA strand, relieving the strain
-
-
-
Chromosomes
DNA is your cook book, which has all the genetic material
Chromatin making up the chromosomes is composed of DNA, histones, and other proteins
-
During interphase, most chromatin is less compacted (euchromatin) but some remain highly condensed (heterochromatin)
RNA processing
mRNA's undergo this process where RNA splicing occurs where the addition of a modified nucleotide 5' cap to the 5' end, and the addition of a poly-A tail to the 3' end.
-
-