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Flowers and Reproduction (Flower Structure and Cross-Pollination…
Flowers and Reproduction
Flower Structure and Cross-Pollination
Ovary Position
Half-inferior
partially buried
inferior ovary
below the organs
Superior ovary
above other parts
Monoecious and Dioecious Species
Dioecious
only carpellate or stamenate
Monoecious
Staminate and Carpellate
Imperfect Flower
Lacks essential organs
Essential organs
Stamens
Carples
Animal-Pollinated Flowers
Regular
Stems and roots
Zygomorphic
Bilaterally symmetrical flowers
Coevolution
Stamen and Style Maturation times
no living pollen
Young flowers open anters
Stigma and Pollen Incompatibity
Compatibility barriers
prevent pollen growth
Wind Pollinated Flowers
Dense populations
Distinct set of midifications
Aided by growth pattern
Cross-Pollination
Pollination from self
Pollen from different individual
Fruit types and Pollination
Classification of Fruit Types
Indehiscent Fruit
Other carry seeds off
Dehiscent fruit
True Fruits and Accessory Fruits
Accessory fruit
non-ovarian tissue
Mulitple fruit
all fuse
True Fruit
only ovarian tissue
aggregate fruit
separate carpel fuse
Simple Fruit
Single ovary
Inflorescence and Pollination
Limited potential growth
Considered determinate inflorsence
Outermost open fruits
Considered indetminate inflorescences
Many flowers grouped together
Asexual Reproduction
Fragmentaition
Spreading plants
Establish advantageous roots
Within Angiosperms
Sexual Reproduction
Fruit Development
Fruit
mature ovary
Exocarp
outer layer
Mesocarp
Flesh
Endocarp
Innermost layer
Pericarp
Entire fruit wall
Plant life Cycle
Alternation of Generations
Sporophyte and gametophytes
Zygote
Fertilized egg
Gametes
sperm and egg
Spores
After meiosis
Fertilization
Gametes fuse
Megagmetes
large eggs
Gametophyte
Haploid Plant
Sporophytes Phase
one Phase
Microgametes
small sperm cells
Heteromorphic generations
Gametophytes don't resemble sporophytes
Gametophytes
Megagametophyte
Polar nuclei
two
Egg Aparatus
Antipodal cells
3 small
Central cell
Large
Embryo Sac
Multinucleate megagametophyte
Microgametophyte
Generative cells
small
Pollen tube
Penetrates stigma
Vegatative cells
large
Embryo and Seed Development
Suspensor
Embryo into endosperm
Seed Coats
Cotyledons
two primordia
Radicle
embryonic roots
Epicoyl
Embryonic Stems
Hypocotyl
root and shoot junction
Albuminous seeds
Abundant endosperm
Exalbuminous
Sparse endosperm
Fertilization
Karyogamy
Fusion of nuclei
Plasmogamy
Fusion of protoplasts
Endosperm
Coenocytic and cellular
Double Fertiliztion
Sperm undergo fusions
Flower Structure
Petals
Make up corolla
Sepals and Petals
Sepals
Calyx
All sepals together
Four floral appendages
Lowest and Outermost
Stamens
Anther
Where pollen produced
Pollen
Above Petals
Filament
Stalk
Capels
Constitute the gynoecium
Placentae
inside ovary
Style
Elevates stigma
Stigma
catches pollen
Ovary
Megaspores produced
Nucellus
mass of parenchyma
