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Endocrine System- Coordinates, controls and regulates body functions…
Endocrine System-
Coordinates, controls and regulates body functions
Terms of the Endocrine System
Endocrine Gland-
is a true endocrine gland, located within the anterior pituitary, pineal gland, thyroid gland and parathyroid
Endocrine tissue/cells-
group of endocrine cells, GI tract, digestive tract, placenta, kidneys, pancreas, the skin, thymus, gonads, hypothalamus and heart
Hormone-
chemical messenger that travels in the blood
Exocrine gland-
release chemical substances through ducts to the outside of the body or onto another surface within the body
Endocrine gland-
release chemical substances directly into the blood stream or tissue of the body
Target Cells-
they respond to the hormone that is being released due to having the correct receptor for that hormone. Each hormone has their own target cell
Characteristics differences
Endocrine system-
Types of target cells: Various cells, target cells throughout the body
Time to onset of action: Seconds, hours to days
Site of messenger action: Near or far target cells
Duration of action: Hours or days
Messenger molecule: Hormone
Nervous system-
Types of target cells: Muscle (3 types) glands
Time to onset of action: Milliseconds
Site of messenger action: From axon terminal to synapse then binds with target
Duration of action: Milliseconds
Messenger molecule: Neurotransmitter
Endocrine organs
A.
Anterior pituitary
Adrenocorticotropic hormone-
stimulates hormone release from cortex of adrenal gland
Gonadotropins-
stimulate gonads to produce hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone-
stimulates thyroid to produce hormone
Prolactin-
stimulates the synthesis of milk from the breast tissue
Growth hormone-
stimulates growth of all cells and growth at the epiphyseal plates
B. Thyroid gland
Increase the rate of metabolism. Metabolism is the conversion of nutrients (energy and Oxygen to make happen. Calcitonin- active only in children to decrease activity of osteoclasts
C. Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone- increases blood calcium levels when it falls too low
D. Adrenal gland
Outer part is the corticosteroid
2. Zona Fasciculata-
secretes glucocorticoids which helps keeo blood glucose levels in normal range and helps deal with stress both long and short term stress
1. Zona Glomerulosa-
secretes mineralocorticods which make the kidneys reabsorb water and sodium
3. Zona Reticularis-
secretes glucocorticoids and androgen which in other tissues becomes testosterone and estrogen
E. Pancreas
Has exocrine and endocrine. The endocrine has Islet cells which can be Alpha cells or Beta cells. Alpha cells are glucagon which increase blood glucose and Beta cells are insulin which decrease blood glucose
F. Testes
Secretes testosterone
G. Ovaries
Secretes estrogen and progesterone
H. Thymus
Thymic hormones cause the T-lymphocytes to become immunocompetent
Control by the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
Anterior Pituitary-
this is a true endocrine gland tissue that secretes hormones. The hypothalamus either secretes a hormone that stimulates or inhibits the release of hormone.
Posterior Pituitary-
is part of the brain and not a true endocrine gland tissue. Instead of making the hormone it stores. The hypothalamus synthesized two hormones that are stored in the axon terminals. 1. Oxytocin: stimulates contraction of the uterus 2. Vasopressin: antidiuretic hormone, kidney will preserve water