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CM5: Key economic industries in the UK (Energy: -rising consumption of…
CM5: Key economic industries in the UK
Intro:
-British eco cominated by S act
-manufacturing industry: very limited role today (share of GDP and employment)
-falling unemployment
-productivity not improving
-large trade deficit
Agriculture
: abt 1% of GDP but very productive (produces abt 60%of food needs)
2ndy sector
: not very competitive
Services sector
: engine of the British economy
Agriculture:
cereals/meat/clairy products
-
0.65% of GDP
-
1.5%
of all jobs
-
60%
of food needs
-total income from farming in the UK:
abt £5 B
(falliny)
Since 2005:
-
B agric
: better perf than european average p°.
-
modernisation
: intensification and mechanisat° of p° facilities / specialised workers / fertilisers.
-
70%
of the country's land area
-
arable land
: cereal p°
-
pastoral farming
(breeding of livestock for meat, wool, eggs and milk)
-
248.000 farms in 2005
-
222.000 farms in 2012
-most fertile land cereal p°
-most clairy farms are in
Cheshire (North West)
-
sheep breading
: Highlands (Scotland), Kent, Sussex
-
pig breeding
: Yorkshire and East Anglice
-
increasing exports
(except bacon, ham and meat)
-main exported agricultural good:
whisky
-beef meat and calf meat:
end of restrict°
imposed by the EU on all UK meats from
1996 to 2005
following the BSE crisis (
Bovine Spongiform Encyphalopath
, or
'mad cow disease'
)
-imports of finish products (wine):
+10% in 10 years
Main destination for food and drinks exports from the UK to the EU:
Ireland / France / Germany
Outside of the EU:
USA / Singapore / Hong Kong
Imports
: mainly from the
Netherlands
EU Common Agricultural Policy (CPA):
-subsidies
-the UK receives
7%
of the total european budget for agriculture
-Brexit?
-low income
-mainly large land owners
Diversifying act:
-organic farming: additional subsidies
-biofuel production
-other act: gull, campiny, shops, B&B
Energy:
-
rising consumption
of oil, gas, coal and nuclearenergy
-
chany in the genration mix
-
electricity consumption
: 0.5 mtoe in 1990 / 2.4 mtoe in 2012
-
decline
in coal mining
-gas and oil driling in the
North Sea
-nuclear energy
-renewable energy
-increas of gas C°
-
Electricity Act 1989
: privatisation of the electricity sector
-'dash for gas'
-60s:
natural gas
discovered in the
Sole Pit area of the Southern North Sea Permian Basin
(West Sale gas field)
-
400 reservoirs
in the North Sea
-oils
-nuclear energy:
19%
of electricity
-
8
nuclear power plants
-Fukushima (2011)
-
4
new nuclear plants should be built buy EDF energy
Sole gas explotation:
hydraulic fracturing (fracking)
Renewable energies:
-
biogas
(or biomas): main renewable energy in the UK
-
wind energy
: (8th worldwide producer)
-
solar power
: (limited but rising source of energy)
-
hydroelectric plants
(1.5% of the energy supply)
Manufacturing:
-long decline since the end of the
19th
-
industry output
in the UK in 2009 / 2010: inferior to 1973
-some except°: car industry and aircraft manufacturing
-Britain: one of the rare major industrial countries not to own a mass national car making company
-
2005
: 'Rover is Over' (company closed)
Car industry:
-better results than France in 2013 for the 1st time in 50 years
-foreign investments
-Rolls Royce and Mini belong to BMW
-improves competitivism
Airplane manufacturing:
military airplanes, ummunition, warships, etc
Services:
-heart of the British economy
-from the 70s: overtook other sectors in turms of jobs and added value
-subprime crisis
-great recession
Finance:
Big Bang
(Oct 1986)
Strong Growth
(but fewer jobs)
500 banks in London
Other UK financial centres:
Edinburgh, Manchester, Leeds
2008 crisis
Change in the percept° politicians and public opinions have of the finance sector and its role in the economy
Brexit
: a challenge for the City and for services exports
Culture:
no direct support from the State in second half of the 20th C.
Arts Councils received subsidies
1992: Department of National Heritage
1997: Department for Culture, Media and Sport
1995: creat° of the National Lottery
Urban regenerat°
Cinema
Capitals and distribution network of Universal Pictures & Studio canal
Same public, same vision of Britain, less and less original, more popular and less political.
Support for cinema started in the 90s with the creat° of National Lottery in 1995.
1997: subsidies for p°, distribution and exhibition.