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American Literature (Discovery Texts (Native American Texts…

- - - - "The sierras and mountains, the plains and arable lands and pastures are so lovely and rich for planting and sowing, for breeding cattle of every kind, for building towns and even villages"(Columbus 46).
        
        From the point of discovery Europeans intended to settle in America
  - - - "But I would ask, how are you to love your neighbors as yourself? Is it to cheat them? is it wrong them in anything? Now to cheat them out of any of their rights is robbery"(Apess 549).
    - - This story uses the point of view of the Natives while white settlers move onto their land.
    - - A new way of think about the individual identity and the need for society became known as Transcendentalism.
      - Henry David Thoreau
        
        Walden, or Life in the Woods
        
        This was Thoreau's writings from his time spent in solitude at Walden pond.
      - Walt Whitman
        
        Much of his writing at this time was very nature based. Whitman used nature to capture life in America during the 1800s.
      - American Gothic
        
        Edgar Allen Poe
        
        The Fall of the House of Usher
        
        "His voice varied rapidly from a tremulous indecision (when the animal spirits seemed utterly in abeyance) to that species of energetic concision--that abrupt, weighty, unhurried, and hollow-sounding enunciation--that leaden, self- balanced and perfectly modulated guttural utterance, which may be observed in the lost drunkard, or the irreclaimable eater of opium, during the periods of his most intense excitement" (Poe 753).
        
        Usher is supposed to be a reflection of the United States of America. At the time the story was written America was facing the pressure that would lead to the civil war which would split the nation.
        
        Emily Dickinson
        
        This poet spent most of her life writing about death. She focuses on death not as a bad figure which can be seen in such poems as [Because I Could not Stop for Death - ].
        
        Modernists
        
        Ernest Hemingway
        
        Ernest Hemingway was an author who traveled the globe. He was known for his involvement in the two world wars and in the Spanish. civil war
        
        "The hills across the valley with Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun"(Hemingway 1032).
        
        The author uses a location from Spain to set his story and at a train station. Both of these are modern concepts for an american text.
        
        Modernism came about with industrialization. Now it was easy for Americans to travel and be apart of a world larger than themselves.
        
        Harlem Renaissance
        
        After the end of slavery many African Americans moved north. The increase in art born from this movement was known as the Harlem Renaissance.
        
        James Baldwin
        
        Sonny's Blues
        
        James Baldwins short story on what it means to be an African American in mid 20th century Brooklyn.
        
        An African American from New York, James Baldwin wrote many essays on race in the 1950s and 60s.
    - - Frederick Douglas
        
        "I was born in Tuskahoe, near Hillsborough, and about twelve miles from Easton, in Talbot county, Maryland.I have no accurate knowledge of my age , never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs"(Douglas 1008).
        
        Douglas starts his narrative talking about a simple identifying trait like the knowledge of ones age and showing how it has been taken from the slaves. Thus this shows the dehumanization that was forced upon them on southern plantations.
      - The abolitionist movement saw the importance of publishing the stories of many former slaves from the southern states. These slave narratives give an understanding of what life was like for African American slaves.
      - Early Civil Rights
        
        Booker T. Washington
        
        As an early Civil Rights writer Booker T.Washington fought for the right to be treated fairly in the new post civil war America.
        
        Up From Slavery
        
        "The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is extremest folly, and that progress in enjoyment of all the privileges that will come to us must be the result of severe and constant struggle rather than of artificial forcing"(Washington 474).
        
        W. E. B. Du Bois
        
        Another early Civil Rights author Du Bois believes that he is to have the same rights as white Americans as he deserves all the same rights.
        
        Du Bois responded to his disagreements with Booker T. Washington in Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others.
        
        "Easily the most striking thing in the history of the American Negro since 1876 is the ascendancy of Mr. Booker T. Washington"(Du Bois 568).
        
        Civil Rights