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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (Organs (Thyroid Gland (Thyroid hormone: increase basal…

- - - - Anterior lobe (true gland), secrets:
        
        Gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones): both stimulate testies and ovaries to produce hormones (female: estrogen and progesterone; male: testosteron).
        
        Prolactin: targets milk-producing glands in breasts.
        
        Adrenocorticotropic hormone: stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones that help the body to cope with stress.
        
        Melanocyte-stimulating hormone: stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin.
        
        Thyroid-stimulating hormone: signals the thyroid gland to secrete its own hormone; controls metabolic rate.
        
        Growth hormone: stimulates growth of all cells and epiphyseal plates.
      - Posterior lobe (structural part of the brain, not "true" gland); stores hormones, and secrets:
        
        Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin): targets kidneys which respond by absorbing more water.
        
        Oxytocin: contracts smooth muscle of reproductive organs (uterus).
  - - - Zona fasciculata: secrets glucocorticoids to help to keep normal glucose levels and deal with stress.
      - Zona reticularis: secrets glucocorticoids and androgens which become testosterone and estrogen in other tissues.
      - Zona glomerulosa: secrets mineralocorticoids that make kidneys reabsorb water and sodium.
  - - - Exocrine (acinar)
      - Endocrine (pancreatic islets)
        
        Beta: secrete insulin that signals to cells of the body to take up glucose from the liver.
        
        Alpha: secrete glucagon that signals liver to release glucose, raising blood sugar levels.