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Case Study Using PBIS (Data Tracking for K (From Tier 1 I will use this…

- - - - Assigning A buddy will help the teacher manage time in the class with the rest of the students. This will Increase Sally's responsibility and accountability and will help her to focus and stay on task.
        
        I chose one of my most principled students and paired her with Sally. First I talked with Martin who I chose as her buddy and explained to him that he was a role model for Sally. Then I spoke with Sally and told her she should sit next to Martin and try to model his behavior.
        
        I decided to try this intervention when I noticed Sally was easily distracted and was losing focus. This is an easy thing to do when you are 5 years old. I knew this would help her model her buddy's actions and maybe that would translate into more participation.
      - The other intervention I am trying along with assigning a buddy is calling on Sally as often as I can. This will increase her focus and attention. It will also keep her on task, boost her confidence and interest in music.
        
        I chose this intervention because it is appropriate for Sally's age. I'm hoping it will help her become more engaged in the activities in music class.
        
        Once Sally understood I would be calling on her often, I showed he a cue to give to me to show me she was ready to share with the class. And in turn I showed her a cue to tell her to get ready to share with the class. Sally enjoys this very much and keeps her focus for longer periods.
      - Another intervention is to praise when good participation occurs. When Sally is on task I make sure everyone in the class notices what her good participation looks like. Sally responds very well to this intervention. It is building her self-esteem and confidence and is establishing a rapport between her and me.
        
        Positive praise can be very uplifting for the student but it has to be balanced with critique. Studies show for every 4th praise, offer one critique. Praise can be verbal or physical, like a pat on the back, a fist bump or a head nod. Sally prefers the fist bump. In fact, attention and praise are so well established as reinforcers that their use is seldom questioned in applied behavior analysis. Attention is regularly identified as a reinforcer in functional analyses (e.g. Berg, Peck, Wacker, Harding, McComas, Richman, & Brown 2000; Durand & Carr; 1991; Meyer, 1999).
    - - Helps teach students routines, expectations, and behavioral standards in an alternative way
        
        Reinforces correct behavior
        
        Information presented in a story format
        
        Provides visual examples of behavior expectations
        
        When a student fails to grasp social norms, routines, and expectations, like walking down the hall, using restroom facilities, following lunch procedure, using manners, using greetings, asking for help properly, etc
        
        Create a list or outline of the steps in the routine or procedure the student needs work or reinforcement on, like behavior in the hall, using the bathroom, starting work, asking for help, etc
        For each step of the process, develop a simple sentence to explain the step, for example “open your desk and get your book out”, or “walk to the door and knock”, etc
        
        Gray (1993; 1995), has identified 6 sentence types (descriptive, directive, perspective, affirmative, control, and cooperative) to construct a social narrative. The Social Narrative Bank provides users with a number of social stories to choose from.
- - - - Tier 1 Interventions that I would try with Martin would be Acknowledge Positive Behavior, Take a break and Teach Social skills
        
        Acknowledge Positive Behavior
        
        Recognizing Martin for following rules, directives, directions, participating, etc, is one of the most effective tools for managing, promoting, and correcting undesired behaviors. Children respond far much better typically to positive reinforcement then negative. Numerous studies continue to support and validate this social dynamic.
        
        IMPORTANT! When giving praise, it is essential that you display a positive affect or demeanor while doing so. Express excitement and that you are pleased. This will increase the effectiveness of the technique.
        
        Conversely, when children are satiated with praise and admiration, approval's effectiveness as a reinforcer decreases (Gewirtz & Baer, 1958).Gewirtz, J. L., & Baer, D. M. (1958). Deprivation and satiation of social reinforcers as drive conditions. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 57, 165-172.
        
        Take a Break
        
        Sometimes Martin needs to "reset" and return to the task fresh. I would send him to the peace Table to reflect on his behavior
        
        I would ask Martin to do a task for me to re-engage him and get his mind off the disruptive behavior he has displayed
        
        Tier 2 & 3 Mentoring would work very well with students of Martin's age group. Mentoring provides students with a personal connection. Martin would be supported by this intervention by increasing his accountability. A peer mentoring would also be effective with supervision from the teacher, this would establish a strong classroom community.
        
        Teach Social Skills
        
        Martin, along with children his age have limited social skills. He would benefit from learning Norms, Procedures and Expectations of Social Skills because it would increase his productivity, increase instructional time for the class and interactions between his fellow students.
        
        At the Tier 2 level, think of doing social skills lessons and interventions for groups and individuals.
        
        At the Tier 3 level, customizing specific social skills lessons for Martin. Some of those skills would include.
        
        Manners
        
        Listening
        
        Being polite
        
        Being considerate
        
        Being respectful
        
        At the Tier 1 Level, think of doing social skills lessons and interventions for the whole class or groups. I would mix the groups of well behaved students and others like Martin