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civil society (as online networks (examples (Arab Spring, MeToo movement),…
civil society
as online networks
need not rely on centralized coordination; based on voluntary self-expression. connective action instead of collective action
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examples
Arab Spring, MeToo movement
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what
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debatable whether it includes interest groups, political movements/parties
includes associations separate from the state: (sports) clubs, (self-help/community) groups
reading: Bowling Alone
explanation
decline caused by women's movement into the workforce (less time available for civic groups), increased mobility (harder to sustain networks), fewer marriages & children, more time spent watching TV rather than going to social groups
key findings
Putnam: since 1960s, American involvement in clubs & associations had declined. they were watching more TV & this has led to a decline in social capital
Putnam's critics
wrong on Italy
underplayed very politicalized nature of civil society in Italy - ll groups are organized along political party lines
more broadly, it is questionable if civic engagement is so important anymore in advanced democracies where formal & informal rules have become institutionalized
wrong on the US
trapped in 1950s version on US. people are socialising in new ways - internet, blogs, also through activist movements
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