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Muscular System (Organizational Levels of the Skeletal Structure…

- - - - elevates mandible
      - brings ups lower jaw
    - - slightly parts the mouth and draws corners of the lips to the side and down
    - - closes and protrudes lips
    - - compresses the cheeks inward
    - - raises corners of mouth
      - moves the mouth up
    - - elevates mandible
      - allows chewing and eating food
    - - closing your eyes
      - blinking
    - - bilateral action: flexes head
      - unilateral action: flex and rotate the head
    - - raising your brows
      - moving your brows
  - - - adducts and extends the arm
      - rotates arm medially
      - shoulder extension
      - interal rotation
    - - superficial, controls pelvic tilt
      - flexes the trunk
      - with the vertebral column fixed, compresses abdominal contents
    - - extend head/neck
      - lateral flex
      - rotate to the opposite side
      - adduction
      - elevate scapulae
      - upward rotation of scapulae
    - - bilateral action: flexes trunk, with the vertebral column fixed, compresses abdominal contents
      - unilateral actions: laterally bends the trunk
    - - contraction of both sides results in erect posture
      - lateral flex on spine
      - extends the spine laterally
    - - flexes and adducts the arm
      - rotates arm medially
      - shoulder flexion
      - abduction above 90 degrees
  - - - extends the wrist outward
      - extends the fingers outward
    - - extends the elbow forward and back
      - straightens the arm
    - - flexes wrist and fingers
    - - flexes and abducts the wrists, up, down, and both sides
    - - abducts the arm inward
      - secondarily flexes and extends the forearm
    - - flexes and abducts the wrist inward and outward
      - up/down wrist flex
    - - flexes the elbow forward and back
      - supinates the arm
    - - extension of the forearm
      - abducts the wrist muscles
  - - - dorsiflexion: foot closer to shin
      - extension of the toes
    - - flexes, abducts, laterally rotates hip; flexes the knee
    - - dorsiflexion; foot closer to shin
      - inversion
    - - flexes and extends the knee
      - stabilizes the knee
    - - extends and laterally rotates hip
      - main extensor muscle of the hip
    - - extends the hip when the trunk is fixed
      - flexes the knee and medially rotates leg
    - - adducts, medially rotates and flexes the hip
    - - plantar flexion: top of foot points away from leg/shin
      - flexes knee
    - - flexion of hip joint
      - allows to walking, running, standing
    - - plantar flexion: top of foot points away from leg/shin
- - - - connection between nerve with muscles and other organs
    - - long portion of nerve; releases a chemical called a neurotransmitter
    - - chemical messenger stored and released by synaptic vesicles into synaptic cleft
    - - a gap between neuron and sacrolemma
    - - neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle
    - - ends of axons; many branches
    - - found in axonal terminal (contains synaptic vessels)
    - - region across synaptic cleft from the synaptic end bulb (on muscle fibers)
      - contains many receptors for Ach