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Muscular System (Body movement terminology (ankle movements (dorsiflexion,…

- - - - lifting the superior surface of foot towards shin
    - - pointing toe
    - - turn sole of foot medially
    - - turn sole of foot laterally
  - - - forearm rotates laterally, palm faces anteriorly
    - - forearm rotates medially, palm faces posteriorly
    - - movement of thumb to touch tips of other fingers
- - - - specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum storage and release of calcium when muscle contracts
  - - - dark midline of I band
    - - dark band (thick and thin filaments)
    - - lighter central area of A band (thick filaments only)
    - - central line of H zone
    - - light band (thin filament only)
- - - - raises eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead
    - - closes jaw, elevates and retracts mandible, maintains position of the mandible at res, deep anterior part may help protract mandible
    - - closes eye, produces blinking and squinting, pulls eyebrows inferiorly
    - - closes lips, purses and protrudes lips, kissing and whistling
    - - raises lateral corners of mouth, smiling
    - - prime mover of jaw closure, elevates mandible
    - - compresses the cheek, keeps food between grinding surfaces of teeth during chewing, pulls corner of mouth laterally
    - - flexes and laterally rotates the head, flexes neck (raising head), rotates head toward shoulder on opposite side and tilts or laterally flexes head to its own side
    - - tenses skin of neck, helps depress mandible, pulls lower lip back and down, producing downward sag of mouth
  - - - adducts and medially rotates arm against resistance , assists in flexion when arm is extended, pulls rib cage upward, climbing, throwing, pushing
    - - stabilizes, elevates ( shrugging shoulders), retracts (adducts), and rotates scapula
    - - flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column, fix and depress ribs, stabilize pelvis while walking
    - - flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall, trunk rotation and lateral flexion
    - - prime mover of arm extension, arm adductor, medially rotates arm
    - - prime mover of back extension, provides resistance that helps control action of bending forward at the waist and return to erect position, extend and laterally flex and rotate vertebral column
  - - - flexes and supinates forearm, weak flexor of arm at shoulder
    - - powerful forearm extensor, may help stabilize shoulder joint and assist in arm adduction
    - - prime mover of arm abduction, can flex and rotate arm medially and laterally, active during arm swinging movements while walking
    - - powerful flexor of hand, weak synergist of forearm flexion
    - - powerful flexor and adductor of hand, stabilizes wrist during finger flexion
    - - flexes hand and middle phalanges of second to fifth fingers
    - - prime mover of finger extension, extends hand, can abduct fingers
    - - extends hand, abducts hand
  - - - prime mover for flexing thigh or flexing trunk on thigh, also flexes vertebral column laterally
    - - flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, weak knee flexor
    - - adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
    - - rectus femoris
        
        extends leg and flexes thigh at hip
      - vastus lateralis
        
        extends leg and stabilizes knee
      - vastus medialis
        
        extends leg
      - vastus intermedius
        
        extends leg
    - - extends thigh and flexes leg, rotates leg
    - - prime mover of dorsiflexion, inverts foot
    - - plantar flexes foot when foot is extended
    - - prime mover of toe extension, dorsiflexes foot
    - - plantar flexes foot
    - - major extensor of thigh, climbing stairs, running, laterally rotates and abducts thigh