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FarazKlinglerEndocrineSystem (Major Endocrine Organs (Pituitary gland…
FarazKlinglerEndocrineSystem
Major Endocrine Organs
Thyroid Gland: produces thyroid hormone which impacts metabolic rate.
Calcitonin
active only in children and decreases osteoclast activity.
Parathyroid glands: works on its own and is impacted by sensory input for calcium level in the body and will make adjustments accordingly. Location: Kidneys, GI tract and bones.
Pituitary gland
Anterior pituitary: True endocrine gland. Function: stimulated by the hypothalamus to release hormones.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone: stimulates the adrenal cortex to release hormones
Gonadtropins: stimulates gonads to release hormones
Thyroid stimulating hormone: stimulates thyroid to release hormones
Growth hormone:stimulates growth of all cells. ie epiphyseal plate
Prolactin: stimulation of mammoray glands to produce milk
Posterior pituitary: Stores and releases hormones made in hypothalamus->from cell body->axon->stored in axon terminals. Two peptide hormones involved 1. oxytocin 2. antidiuretic hormone
Adrenal gland
Adrenal cortex
Zona fasciculata: secretes glucocorticoids which help maintain blood glucose level
Zona reticularis: secretes glucocorticoids that help maintain glucose in the body and androgen which is converted in other tissues to testosterone and estrogen
Zona glomerulosa: secretes hormones that are called mineralocorticoids that make the kidneys retain sodium and water.
Adrenal Medulla: Sympathetic system stimulated by the preganglion hormone epinephrine and norepinephrine
Pancreas: contains cells that are like little islands that are sprinkled throughout the tissue. Secretes two types of hormones 1.
Alpha
secretes glucagon which increases blood sugar level. 2.
Beta
which secretes insulin and decreases blood sugar levels.
Gonads: secretes sex hormones in each male and female reproductive organs. Estrogen in females and testosterone in males.
Pineal gland: Secretes the hormone melatonin which regulates circadian rhythm
Thymus: important immune organ. T lymphocyctes created here and stimulated by the thymic hormone.
Target cells:These are the hormones that effect their targeted cells by the process of exocytosis. Location: Various locations.
Site of messenger action is nearby for target cells
Messenger molecules are hormones that travel in the blood
Time to onset action is seconds/hours/days.
Duration of action is seconds/days