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Reading Notes Modules 14 and 15 (Module 15 (Multiple-Choice Answers (C …
Reading Notes Modules 14 and 15
Module 15
Multiple-Choice Answers
C
E
A
Mutation
A random error in gene replication that leads to a change.
Natural Selection
The principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will (in competition with other trait variations) most likely to be passed on to succeeding generations.
Social Script
A culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations.
Evolutionary Psychology
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selections.
Biological Influences:
Shared human genome
Individual genetic variations -Prenatal environment
Sex-related genes, hormones, and physiology
Social-cultural influences:
Parental Influences
Peer influences
Cultural individualism or collectivism
Cultural gender norms
Psychological Influences:
Gene-environment interaction
Neurological effect of early experiences
Responses evoked by our own temperament, gender, etc.
Beliefs, feelings, and expectations
Individual Development
Module 14
Identical Twins
Develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms
Multiple-Choice Answers
B
E
B
E
A
Genome
The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
Genes
The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins
Heritability
The proportion of variation among individuals on a group that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may very, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.
DNA
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
Interaction
The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor depends on another factor.
Chromosomes
Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Molecular Genetics
The subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes.
Environment
Every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
Molecular Behavior Genetics
The study of how the structure and function of genes interact with our environment to influence behavior.
Heredity
The genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring
Epigenetics
"above" or "in addition to" (epi) genetics; the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.
Behavior Genetics
The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
Fraternal Twins
Develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than ordinary brothers and sisters, but they share a prenatal environment.
Garcia, Gabe Per. 5