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Time / Tenses (Future Reference (Other ways of referring to the future…
Time / Tenses
Future Reference
Will + Progressive (future progressive)
Matter-of-fact/matter-of-course
"We
will be talking
about modfality next time."
Politeness
"When will you
be paying
me back?"
Ongoing state/activity
"This time next week, we
will be exploring Australia
"
Be going to + infinitive
Internal factors
"I
am going to talk
to him."
External factors
"It looks like he
is going to lose
the game"
Other ways of referring to the future
Present progressive (for arrangements)
I'm
having
friends over tonight
Present simple (timetables; fixed events)
My bus
leaves
at 1 pm.
Be to (formal)
She
is to meet
the president.
Be about to (informal)
He is about
to have
dinner.
Past in the future (future perfect)
By this time next year, you
will have
finished your studies)
Future in the past
I
was going
to talk to him
Future ref. in subordinate clauses
She
is going to be
so happy when she passes her exams
Will + Infinitive (future simple)
Internal
Promises
We will watch Clockwork Orange tonight
Willingness
"Can I borrow the book"
"Yeah, I will bring it"
Spontaneous decisions
We will fly tomorrow!
External
Predictions
It will rain tomorrow
Present Perfect
State or habit up to the present
"I have lived here for 10 years"
Indefinite past
"I have been to the US before. (Only without concrete time)"
Resultative past
"I have passed my driving test"
Past Tense
Temporal Distance
"They talked about grammar yesterday"
Social Distance
"I wanted to ask you if you could lend me a hand"
Hypothetical distance
"If I had a garden, I'd pet a dog."