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Muscular System (Body movement Terminology (Flexion (movement that…
Muscular System
Body movement Terminology
Flexion
movement that decreases, angle of joint
Extension
movement that increases angle of joint
hyperextention
extension beyond 180 degree
Rotation
movement of a bone around a long, tudinalaxis
circumduction
proximal end of the limb is stationary and distal end moves in circles
abduction
movement of a limb away from the midline
Adduction
movement of limb towards the midline
Dorsiflexion
lifting the superior surface of the foot towards skin
Plantarflexion
pointing toe
Inversion
turn sole of foot medially
Supination
forearm rotate, laterally so palm faces anteriorly
Eversion
Turn sole of foot laterally
Pronation
forearm ROTATES MEDIALLY SO palm faces posteriorly
Opposition
movement of thumb to touch finger tips of other fingers
Organization levels of the skeletal system
Muscle
Consists of hundreds to thousands of muscle cells, plus connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels, and nerve fibers
Fascicle
a portion of the muscle, discrete bundle of muscle cells, segregated from the rest of the muscle by a connective tissue sheath
Muscle Fiber (cell)
elongated multinucleate cell, has a banded (striated) appearance
Myofibril or Fibril
complex organelle composed of bundles of myofilaments. rodlike contractile element. occupy most of the muscle cell volume. appear banded and bands that are adjacent are aligned. composed of sarcomeres arranged end to end
Sarcomere
a segment of a myofibril. the contractile unit, composed of myofiliments made up of contractile proteins
Myofilament or Filament
extended macromolecular structure. two types, thick and thin. thick contain bundled myosin molecules. thin contain actin molecules, plus other proteins.the sliding of the thin past the thick produce muscle shortening. elastic maintain the organization of the A band and provide for elastic recoil when muscle contraction ends.
physiology of muscle contraction (the sliding filament
theory).
1.Nerve impulse or action potential travels down sarcolemma and into T-Tubules, causing sarcoplasmic
2.Ca++ binds to actin myofilament, exposing the myosin binding state
Myosin attaches to actin, forming actin/ myosin crossbridges
Myosin head removes toward M line of sarcomere,pulling actin filaments past myosin
This action is repeated many times powered by ATP
6.Z lines get closer together as actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, and sarcomeres shorten ( H zone disappears), Shortening the entire myofiril
Name the mucles
Muscles of the head
Frontals
Temporalis
Orbicularsis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Zygomatics
Masseter
Buccinator
Sternocleidomastiod,
Platysma
Muscles of the trunk
Pectoralis Major
Trapezius
Rectus Abdominis
External obliques
Latissimus Dorsi
Erector Spinae
Muscles of arm chart
Bicep branchii
Tricep branchii
Deltoid
Flexor Digitorium Superficial
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digitorium
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Muscles of Thigh and Leg
Iliopsoas
Adductor muscles
Quadracep group
Hamstring
Gluteus Maximus
Tibials anterior
Gastrocnemius
Solus
Extensor Digitorium Longus
Sartorius
Three muscle types
Skeletal
cells are long, cylindrical,parallel. and multinucleated, attached by tendons to bones, striated, voluntary
Cardiac
cells are long, cylindrical, branched, has single central nucleus, has striations, forms heart wall, joined to other cells at intercalated disc, involuntary
Smooth
spindle shaped cells with single central nucleus, has no striations, found mainly in hollow walls of organs, and eyes(controls size of pupil), involuntary