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Chapter 7.1 (Lecture 2 (Cells (made of protoplasm, microscopic, carry on…
Chapter 7.1
Lecture 2
Cells
made of protoplasm
microscopic
carry on all functions of life
body contains trillions of cells
vary in shape and size
Cell membrane
outer portion covering the cell
aka plama membrane, plasmalemma
semipermeable
Cytoplasm
contains organelles
semifluid inside the cell but outside the nucleus
Protein synthesis
Nucleus
a mass found in the cytoplasm
brain of the cell
activates mitosis and cell division
Nucleolus
one or more round bodies
located in the nucleolus
ribosomes
Chromatin
located in the nucleus
made up of DNA and proteins
forms chromosomes
46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
genes and genomes
Centrosome
located in the cytoplasm and near the nucleus
contains two centrioles
centrioles separate in mitosis
Mitochondria
rod shaped organelles located throughout the cytoplasm
Golgi apparatus
a stack of membrane layers located in the cytoplasm
Lecture 1
Anatomy
study of the form and structure of organisms
Physiology
study of process of living organisms
Pathophysiology
study of how disease occurs and the body's response
Congenital
acquired during development of the infant in the uterus and existing at or dating from birth
club foot, cleft lip/palate, spina bifida, fetal alcohol syndrome
Inherited
transmitted from par4ents to child genetically
color blindness, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome
Infectious
caused by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria or virus
common cold, hepatitis, STDs
Degenerative
caused by deterioration of the function or structure of body tissues and organs
either by normal body aging or lifestyle choices such as diet and exercise
arteriosclerotic heart disease, COPD, osteoarthritis
Protoplasm
basic substance of life
made of ordinary elements
Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Phosphorus
scientists can combine elements but cannot create life
consists of two major divisions
cytoplasm
nucleoplasm
Lecture 3
Endoplasmic Reticulum
ALLOWS FOR TRANSPORT OF MATERIALS INTO AND OUT OF THE NUCLEUS, AND AIDS IN THE MAKING (SYNTHESIS)AND STORAGE OF PROTEINS
Vacuoles
Filled with a watery substances, stored food, or waste products
Lysosomes
oval or round bodies
Pinocytic Vesicles
FOLDS ALLOW LARGE MOLECULES (LIKE PROTEIN AND FATS) TO ENTER THE CELL
Cellular Reproduction
Most cells reproduce by dividing into two identical cells (mitosis) a form of asexual reproduction
Meiosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Daughter cells
Tissue
Dehydration
Edema
Organs and Systems
heart, liver, lungs
circulatory, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, skeletal, reproductive, special senses, excretory, immune, integumentary muscular, and nervous