Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chemistry - The Periodic Table (Transition Metals (They can have more than…
Chemistry - The Periodic Table
John Newlands
Tried organising by weight
He noticed the pattern that every eighth element repeated the properties of the first
He called this the rule of octaves.
Issues
He put two elements in the same box
Mixed metals and non-metals
Dmitri Mendeleev
He created the basis for the modern periodic table
He originally organised by atomic weight but then moved elements around to match their properties of the elements.
He was also not afraid to leave gaps if the element did not match the properties of the ones above
Modern Periodic Table
Organised by atomic number and not atomic weight
You are able to tell how many electrons are in the outer shell by what group number the element is in. e.g Group 1 metals have one electron. The exception is group 0 or the noble gases
You are able to tell how many shells a element has by what row it is. e.g Potassium is in Period 3 so has three shells
Transition Metals
They produce coloured compounds
Good conductors of heat/electricity
High melting points (Except Hg)
They are less reactive reactive alkali metals
Strong, dense and hard
They can have more than one type of ion
In words equations roman numerals with brackets around them tell you have many electrons are present e.g copper(II) is a copper +2
Make good catalysts
Group 1 - Alkali Metals
Have one electron in the outer shell.
They want to lose an electron to produce +1 ions
Very Reactive
React vigorously with water
Produces Hydrogen bubbles
They get more reactive as you go down
The hydroxide ion makes it an alkali
They are called Alkali metals as they produce alkali solution
Halogons
Have seven electrons in the outer shell
They want to gain an electron to produce -1 ions
They get less reactive as you down
When they react they are called halides e.g Chloride , Bromide
They have high boiling points and high relative atomic weights
More reactive halogens displace less reactive halogens
Group 0/8 - Noble Gases
Are very nonreactive (Inert)
This is because they have a full outer shell
Go around as one atom
Colourless, Odourless, non-flammable