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MeganPederson-Digestive System (General Function/Structure (Mechanical…
MeganPederson-Digestive System
General Function/Structure
Break down food into small pieces to be absorbed
Eliminate what we cant break down
GI tract- system which takes food and digests/absorb and expel wastes
GI accessory organs
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Mechanical Digestion
Cutting food up
Teeth starts the mechanical digestion
Stomach then small intestine
Chemical Digestion
adding chemicals and enzymes
saliva (enzyme called amylase to break down starch to glucose)
stomach(hydrochloric acids break apart proteins)
pancreas- produces enzymes for breaking down fats/carbs/proteins
Pathway of food-anus
Oral Cavity-pharynx-esophagus-stomach-small intestine-large intestine-anus
Peristalis
Doesn't mix back and forth
Occurs in esophagus to large intestine
Peritoneum
Mesentaries
double layer of peritoneum from mall wall to digestive organs
holds organs in place
stores fats
provides place for blood vessels/nerves
Mesentery Proper
jejunum, iliem
Mesocolon
Connected to transverse colon/ sigmoid colon
posterior wall of abdomen
Lessor Omentum
Lesser curvature of stomach
liver
Greater Omentum
Wrap around, protect organs
Intraperitoneal
Liver, stomach, transverse colon, jejunum,ileum,sigmoid colon
Within peritoneal
Retroperitoneal
Behind peritoneal
Duodenum, pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum
Stomach
Store food
Mechanical digestion-chyme
Chemical digestion
Special Features
Parietal Cells
Produce hydrochloric acid
Produce
instricnic
factor
absorption of vitamin B12(produce erythrocytes)
Chief cells
Secretes Pepsinogen
Pepsinogen +Acid= Enzyme that breaks for proteins
Rugae
Increases Storage capacity
Sphincters
Cardiac Sphincter
Prevents reflux of acid into esophagus
Pyloric Sphincter
Regulates the amount of chyme into small intestine
Small Intestine
Absorption
Mechanical Digestion-segmentation
Chemical Digestion-enzymes added
Structures
Circular folds-ridges of the mucosa and submucosa, increase surface area
Villi- absorbing digested nutrients, give velvety texture
microvilli- apical layer-contains enzymes that complete the final stages of breakdown of nutrient molecules
Duodenal glands-secrete alkaline bicarbonate rich-mucus- neutralizing acidity of chyme
intestinal crypts- watery intestinal juice mixes with chyme
Peyer patches-collection of lymphocytes
Ileocecal Valve- keeps stuff in large intestine, internal structure
Large Intestine
absorb water and electrocytes
Rectum- Storage for feces
Anal canal- lubrication
external, voluntary
internal- smooth muscle, involuntary
Teniae colie- 3 strips of muscle to contract and pull large intestine into sacs
haustra- sacs of large intestine
epiploic appendages- fat globs of visceral peritoneum
Liver
Functions
Making bile
filters toxins out of blood
storage of glucose as glycogen
storage of vitamin
processes fats, amino acids,
makes blood proteins
Gallbladder
stores bile
Pancreatic Acini
Exocrine glands
produce 22 different enzymes
neutralize stomach acid
Pancreatic Ducts
produce bicarbonate