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Anc. World History (Ancient Rome (Twelve Tables (They are a set of written…

- - - - Reliefs
        
        They are used to document stories
        
        3D sculptures, they were carved in a monument wall or building
      - Sculptures
        
        They were used as decoration for homes and palaces
        
        Made of marble and bronze
        
        Honor the living or dead
        
        Only wealthy could afford them
        
        There was verism and idealism sculptures
        
        Verism
        
        This style was used by romans
        
        Realistic looking
        
        They had wrinkles and imperfections
        
        They usually wore clothes
        
        Idealism
        
        This Style was used by Greeks
        
        They were visually perfect
        
        Nomally they were naked
        
        Idealized a “heroic” or “ideal” image of the person
        
        They had defined muscles and perfect skin
      - Equestrian Sculptures
        
        Are usead as a symbol of power
        
        they are foud in public places
        
        Many generals, emperors, dictators and governors throughout history have commissioned these kinds of statues to compare themselves to the powerful roman empire
    - - Concrete
        
        Before concrete people had wood, brick and stone
        
        It can be poured into any shape
        
        It is the world's most used building material
        
        It is used to build patios, roads, buildings, etc.
      - Arches
        
        Etruscans invented them, but Romans redefined them and were the first to build them
        
        They disperse the weight of the ceiling
        
        Allow wide interior spaces
        
        They are used everywhere, from bridges to McDonalds's
      - Domes
        
        They are multiple arches put together
        
        Stronger than flat roofs
        
        Allowed Romans to build very large open structures with lots of natural light
        
        They are used in stadiums and famous buildings around the world
      - Aqueducts
        
        Sent thousands of gallons of water to the city everyday
        
        Stretched miles across the city
    - - Personification of Goddess Justa
      - She if found outside governiment buildings
      - She carries a sword, a blindfold and a balance
        
        The sword represents that justice will be served
        
        The blindfold symbolizes that she is impartial or that she won't judge people by the way they look
        
        The balance symbolizes that she is fair
      - She was introduced by emperor Agustus
    - - It was built from 113 - 125 AD
      - It is dedicated to all pagan gods of Rome
      - It was the largest concrete dome when built and it still is.
  - - - A rule in which all laws apply to everyone equally
  - - - Defeated at the battle of Zama, fought outside the walls of Carthage
      - Hannibal, forced to leave Rome in order to protect Carthage
      - Unable to defeat Hannibal in Italy, Roman army sailed across the Mediterranean, landed in North Africa, headed for Carthage
      - Defeats Roman armies sent to stop him several times, but hesitates to attack Rome itself
      - He invades Italy from the north with a strong army of elephants
      - Carthaginian general Hannibal surprises Romans by leading army from Spain, through southern France and the Alps
    - - They converted naval warefare into mini-land battles, something Rome was very good at
      - They would hook enemy ship, pull nearby, and board it with soldiers
      - They equipped their ships with hooks and stationed soldiers
      - They turned the tables on Carthage by changing the rules of naval warfare
      - It was won by rome
      - They were defeated repeatedly by Carthaginian navy
      - Carthage had a very good and experienced navy, unlike Rome
      - Their tactic was to maneuver ship to ram and sink the enemy
      - Primarily naval battle
    - - Carthage was finished after the secon Punic War
        
        Hannibal commted suicide
        
        Economy shattered
        
        Lost all territory to Rome
      - Some romans feared it might revive, so Cato the Elder notably pushed for another war that would wipe Carthage off the map
      - Due to Cato's persistent efforts, Rome declares war against defenseless Carthage.
      - They win easlily
      - Carthage's entire population was sold to slavery
      - Everything of value was sent back to Rome
      - Everything else was burned and dumped on the sea
      - The entire site was sown with salt so that nothing would ever gorw again there
      - Carthage completely disappeared
  - - - They were the elite members of Ancient Rome
      - They chose leaders who advise the king
      - They were the care takers of rome
    - - They didn't have much say in government
      - They were required to pay taxes and serve in the military
      - Usually were peasants, laborers, shop keepers and artisans
    - - Plebeians weren't happy with this, the Conflict of the Orders means the plebeian's attempt to fight back
        
        They protested about being considered as citizens, having a say in government and lowering taxes, their protest wasn't just marching, it was also leaving Rome
        
        Plebeians made Rome a fairer place by demanding that the laws were written down in order for the patricians to not change them, and those laws became the 12 tables
        
        Slowly Rome became a more democratic fovernment, they were more fair,they joined both classes together and advised laws
  - - - There are two consuls which both serve for a year, they can veto each other so one won't become more powerful than the other, the senate chooses the consuls
  - - - They thought that the gods controlled everything in their lives
      - They were a priority to Romans. They played a central role in their lives
      - Lares are small altars that Romans kept to pray and honor the gods
    - - What you ate depended on your social class
      - Breakfast and lunch were very light, dinner was the heaviest meal
      - Wealthy Romans threw up inorder to keep eating
      - Meat was a luxury only wealthy could afford it
    - - School didn't exist in early Roman times, but one they were created only boys and very few girls could attend
      - They usually started attending school at the ages of 6-7
      - Boys were prepared for a governmental life, and girls were prepared to be home-makers
    - - Roman wives usually stayed indoors and took care of their homes
      - Women had very little rights; they couldn't vote and they couldn't have a political position
      - Women couldn't make suggestions to their husbands because they could beat them up
    - - Children played with toys that we still use today, like; balls, marbles, rattles and dolls
      - Adults entertained themselves by attending gladiator games and chariot races in the colosseum
      - The main attraction was gladiator games
  - - - Protects Italy from 3 sides
    - - The climate made it possible to have year-long farming and a constant food supply
      - The climate of central Italy, where the city of Rome was located, also helped the people of Rome. The region had mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. This climate made it possible for the region to develop a strong agricultural base. The mild climate enabled Romans to grow wheat, grapes, and olives and build a consistent food supply. This food supply supported the people and allowed Rome to prosper.While the climate made year-long farming possible, Rome was also strengthened by close access to water. The growing agricultural system was aided by the presence of the nearby Tiber River. Along with supporting Rome’s farmers, the Tiber River also provided several other benefits to ancient Rome
    - - It separates Rome from the rest of Europe and gave them safety from other civilizations
      - Two major mountain chains found in Italy had a significant impact on the development of ancient Rome. The Alps, Europe’s highest mountains, separated the Italian peninsula from the rest of the continent. The Apennine Mountains run north to south along the length of the Italian peninsula. The Apennine Mountains made it difficult for people to cross from one side of the peninsula to the other. These two mountain chains helped to protect Rome from outside attacks. The seven hills of Rome were also used to protect the city.
    - - Supported agriculture and farmers
    - - Protect Rome from three different sides
- - - - The four parts to globalization are trade, movement of people, spread of knowledge and investment
      - In the 2 century BC the ideas of gobal trade and globalization began
    - - Mediterranean
        
        Olives
        
        Olive Oil
        
        Wine
      - India
        
        Fine Cotton Textiles
      - East Africa
        
        Ivory
      - Arabia
        
        Spices
        
        Tortoise Shells
        
        incense
      - China
        
        Silk
        
        jade
        
        iron
        
        silver
    - - Ideas
        
        The primary rout for the spread of Buddhism
      - Disease
        
        Measles
        
        Small Pox
        
        Bubonic Plague
      - Economic
        
        Created many silk based jobs
  - - - Frozen Tundra
      - Gobi Desert
      - Himalayas
      - Tibetan Plateau
      - East China Sea
    - - China's 2 main rivers are the Yellow River and the YangTze
  - - - Humility
      - Diligence
      - Loyalty
      - Jen is the desire to seek good in others
    - - Father and Son
      - Elder and Young
      - Friend and Friend
      - Husband and Wife
      - Ruler and Subject
    - - He was born in the 6th century BC, it was a time of political instability
      - He is also known as Master Kung
      - He longed for a society built on peace and harmony, to him this could only occur if rulers sought peace over power