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D.2 Digestion (the stomach (stomach ulcers (acidic conditions help kill of…

- - - - pepsin is protease that hydrolyses proteins to peptides
        
        pepsin found as inactive in from of pro-enzyme pepsinogen
      - HCL pepsinogen release by chief cells and activate into pepsin with acid
      - acidic condition of 2 favors hydrolysis reaction by pepsin
  - - - mucus on stomach avoid self-image
        
        some cases teach will produce an excess of gastric acid
        
        damages mucus layer,producing gastric problem which might develop gastric ulcer
        
        lining of stitch is disrupted
        
        symptoms : pain, heartburn, nausea, present of blood in stools
    - - amoxicillin or clarithromycin, or proton pump inhibitor
        
        PPPbloch the proton pump responsible for secretion of hydrogen ions in stomach. Decrease in H + ions reduced ccl amount, makes stomach less acidic. good for gastric ulcers
- - - - sympathetic systems controls process involved in response to danger
        
        slows down when there is no food available
      - parasympathetic stem controls homeostasis and processes related to digestion.
        
        speed up digestion when food is ingested.
  - - - produced by G cells in stomach, duodenum and apcnrease, in response to physical stimulation dfrom presence of food, as well as to chemical stimulation by protein
        
        stimulates production of gastric juice by parietal cells n gastric glans.
        
        provides acidic conditions to enhance digestion
        
        contains hydrochloric acid, enzymes (pesin, rennin), cuscus and polypeptides.
    - - cells in small intestine in response presence of acidic fluid.
        
        presence of gastric acid activates prosecrein to secretin.
        
        production of alkali by pancreas, neutralizing the intestinal components.
        
        plays role in osmoregulation as it regulates water homeostasis through the body.
    - - small intestine when food is present
        
        release of pancreatic juice form pancreas and bilee from gall bladder
- - - - lacteal
        
        absorption of fats,
        
        capillaries carry molecules to other organs
        
        join with hepatic portal vein theat carries blood to the river.
      - many mitchoncdira to provide energy for active transport
      - presence of capillaries in villi for absorption
      - enzymes bound to epithelial membranes
      - presence of lacteal for absorption of absorbed lips