Nervous system
Central nervous system
periphrreal nervous system
brain and spinal cord
everything else
sensory system
motor system
somatic ns
para sympathetic
resting and digesting
sample the enviroment and bring information to the nervous system
out put carries orders and tells the muscular system how to act
controls skeletal and voulentary
sympathetic
fight or flight
nervous tissue
contains none of normal tissues
neurogliea
neurons
astrocytes
metabolic and structual support cells that hold neurons and blood vessels together
mircoalgia
can attack microbes and remove dirt
ependymeal cells
do the job of epitheal cells
oligonderrocytesx
hold nerve fibers together and make myelin
control functions of the nervous tissue
branch like and have a tail
dendrites
recive info from enviroment
syhapse
space between axon and reciving cell
axon
generates and sends signal
axon terminal
connects to reciving cell
classification
bipolar
one axon and one dendrite
multipolar
one axon many dendrites
unipolar
one process
sensory neurons
imput
motor or output
how neurons work
excitable cells
carries small electrical charge when stimulated
all three types of muscles are excitable cells
action potentials
cell that is not excited
depolarized
cell that is resting
sodium gates open
when sodium gates open up they allow sodium ions to travel across the membrane
repolarization
when cells become negative again
when a cell over shoots it is called olarized
these changes are known as action potential
all or none
local potential
use their ability to generate electricity to send recive and interpret
hammering and you hit your thumbwhich stimulates the dendrites in your thumb the sodium gates open up and flows into the dendrites if you hit your thumb softly not as big of a reaction
impulse conduction
presence of myelin sheath and diameter of axon
myelin is lipid insulation formed by oliogodendrites in cns
schwan cells
Disorders of the nervous system
Mylein disorders
Multiple sclerosis(MS)
A disorder of the nervous system in which the myelin is destroyed
affects 200,000-400,000 people in the united states alone
brain, spinal cord and optic nerves are involved
Like a cut electrical wire
Bare spots where myelin is missing
symptoms differe from patient to pt
distupences
speech vison and movement
relapsing has flare ups
chronic
guillain barre syndrome
autoimmune attack on the periphreal mylin
Three phases
recoverable
polio
form of paralysis cause by the poliomyelitis virus
common before the 50's when a vaccine came about
many have mild respitory ilness only lasting a few days
not very many aquire the paralytic form
no treatment
charotic marie tooth disorder
genetic destruction of pns myelin
accending muscle weakness
treatment ot pt surgery medications
spinal cord injury
injury to the tissue of spinal cord
Traumatic brain injury
damge to the brain
Cerebral palsy
Autonomicnervous system
controls skeletal muscles
neurons are located in spinal cord and brain
controls things like bp hr resp digestion and sweaing
lateral horn
gets body ready to go
increases vitals
preganglionin neurons found in the thoracic and first two lumbar of spinal corf
thoracolumbar
decreases vitals
neurons in the brain stem and sarcal spinal cord called craniosarcal
cerebral cortex
controls voulebtary system
when you decide to move the movements are planned in the prefrontal cortex and premotor cortex in the frontal lobe the plan is then sent to the primary motor cortex
orders are then sent to the spinal cord
subcortical structures
cerebrum
spinal cord pathways
motor coordination loop
thalmus basal nucluei amd cerebellum
movement is fine tuned
fundemental
gets information from planned and actual movement
compares them
function is still a mystery
movement would be inaccurate without
movment plan is procesed by the motor coordination loop
send orders from brain to motor neurons
moves to the spinal cord and brain stem by
corticospinal
corticobular tracts
DIRECT PATHWAYS
crainial nerves
Olfactory I
sensor smell
optic II
sensory vision
oculomotor III
mixed eye
trochlear IV
Mixed eyes
trigminal V
mixed face chewing
adbicences VI
mixed eye
facial VII
motor for facial expression
vestibulochlear VIII
sensory hearing and balance
glossphyarngeal IX
mixed for throat sensory for taste
vagus X
mixed motor for larynx soft pallate trapezius sternchleidomastoid muscles
hypoglossal XII
tounge
diencephalon
thalmus
relays and processes info going to the cerebum
hypothalsmus
regulation
pineal
body clock
pituitary gland
hormones
internal brain anatomy
cerebrum
lobes
gyrus
precentral
postcentral
primary motor cortex
Cerebelluim
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Brain stem
Midbrain
relays sensory and motor information
pons
relays sensory and motor info role in breathing
medulla oblongata
requlates vital functions
Lobes of the brain
frontal lobes
motor function behavoir and emotionsd memory thinking and smell
pariteal lobe
body sense
occipital
vission
temporal
hearing taste languager
insula
autonomic functions
many are violencxe or alciohal related
Mild
concussion
contussion
severe hemmorage
CVA
cerebralvasscular accident Link Title
stroke Caused by a blockage to the brainm eithrt by a hemmorege or blood clots
brain tissue may die
symptoms depend on patient but may include headache diozziness loss of vision
Hematoma
blood between any layers
most commonly between dura and skull
Spinal cord injuries
Caused by crushing
peripheral neuropathy