Bloomery (mound)- fill cylinder with fuel then put the ore in, allowing the entire thing to burn, and the heat produced from the fuel burning causes the iron present within the other minerals to be melted out and settled into the bottom of the bloom- more or less purified iron.- not efficient- building a kiln every time you need iron, not efficient if you wanna build a ship.- didn't last very long, as the demand was so high, and people realised that someone who made a new solution would also make a minting, and so capitalism drove innovation.- resulting in a blast furnace.