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CORRECTIONS/INCARCERATION/PROBATION (Incarceration (Use of force if: (Self…
CORRECTIONS/INCARCERATION/PROBATION
history of corrections
correction: the variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of people who have been accused or convicted of criminal offenses
Enlightenment: A movement during the 18th century in England and France in which concepts of liberalism, rationalism, equality and individualism dominated and political thinking
Penitentiary: an institution intended to punish criminals by isolating them from society and from one another so they can reflect on their past misdeeds, repent and reform
America copied Europeans in using physical punishments such as flogging, branding, and maiming as the main criminal sanctions
Pennsylvania System
separate confinement: A penitentiary system, developed in Pennsylvania, in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates. All activities, including craftwork, took place in cells.
5 principles
Prisoners would not be treated vengefully but should be convinced, through hard and selective forms of suffering, that they could change their lives
2.Solitary confinement would prevent further corruption inside prison
In isolation, offenders would reflect on their transgressions and repent
Solitary confinement would be punishment, because humans are by nature social animals.
Solitary confinement would be economical because prisoners would repent in shorter time. Clothes are cheaper
reformatory: an institution that emphasizes training, a mark system of classification, in terminate sentences and parole
Community corrections: A model pf corrections based on the goal of reintegrating the offender into the community
Incarceration
custodial model: A model of incarceration that emphasizes security discipline, and order.
rehabilitation model: A model of incarceration that emphasized treatment progress to help prisoners address the personal problems and issues that led them to commit crimes
Reintegration model: a correctional model that emphasizes maintaining the offenders ties to family and community as a method of reform, recognizing that the offender will be returning to society
Officer role: expected to counsel, supervise, protect and process the inmates under their care.
Use of force if:
Self-defense
defense of third persons
Upholding prison rules
prevention of crime
prevention of escapes
Convict World
Inmate code: the value and norms of the prison social system that defines the innate idea of the model prisoner
Doing time: prison time is brief. Try to live a good prison life and stay safe
Gleaning: try to take advantage of prison programs and have success after release
Jailing: people who are in jail for a long time. Always in jail. make it their home
Disorganized criminal: an inmate who can't live in jail or adjust to it. special rights
Women in jail
8% of entire prison population. about 112,000
2000-2010 women increased by 25%
less security, less packed, safer
classification: The process of assigning an innmate to a category
Probation/Intermediate Sanctions
Community justice: a model of justice that emphasizes reparation to the victim and the community, a problem-solving perspective with regard to crime, a citizen involvement in crime prevention.
Technical Violation: The probationers failure to abide the rules and conditions of probation
Fine: a sum of money to be paid to the state by a convicted person, as a punishment for a offense
forfeiture: Government seizure of property and other assets derived from or uses in criminal activity.
Restitution: Repayment in the form of money or service by an offender to a victim who has suffered some loss from the offense
home confinement: a sentence requiring the offender to remain inside his or her home during specific periods
boot camp: a short-term institutional sentence