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Digestive System (Features of digestive organs: (Accessory Organs: (Liver:…

- - - - Parietal cells: epithelial cells that secrete HCl and intrinsic factor. Located in gastric glands in fundus and cardiac of stomach.
      - Chief cells: secretes pepsinogen and chymosin. Pepsinogen is activated when pepsin and HCl combines to create the digestive enzyme pepsin.
    - - Pyloric sphincter: controls the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestine.
      - Cardiac sphincter: opens from the esophagus prevents acid reflux from occuring
  - - - Vili: increase absorption and surface area
      - Microvili: increase absorption and surface area
      - Circular folds: slows down movement of chyme into the small intestin
    - - Duodenal glands: aka brunner glands, secretes alkaline mucus to neutralize acid from the stomach
      - Intestinal glands: aka crypts of Lieberkuhn, "watery intestinal juice"
      - Peyers patches: aka lymphatic nodulres, is a collection of lymph nodes in small intestine
    - - Ileocecal valve: located between the small intestine and cecum of the large intestine. Keeps subastances from back flow
  - - - Internal sphincters: involuntary smooth muscle
      - External sphincters: voluntary skeletal muscles
    - - Teniae coli: 3 strips of muscle will contract and pull intestine into pouches
      - Houstra: sacs or intestinal pouches
      - Epiploic appendages: fat filled visceral peritoneum
  - - - Circulation: Heart > digestive Arteries > Hepatic portal Vein > Capillaries of the liver > Hepatic Vein > Inferior Vena Cava
- - - - Saliva break food with salivary amylase
      - HCl and pepsin continue to break food chemically in the stomach
      - Small intestine, specifically in the duodenum, chemicals are added from pancreas to further break down chyme
    - - stomach churns food breaking it down into chyme
      - Small intestine churns food through a process called segmentation
      - Mastication, chewing or cutting food with tongue and teeth occurs in oral cavity turning food into bolus which is moved to the stomach through the process called peristalsis