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Russian Revolution AoS1 (World War One (iTsar Nicholas II orders full…
Russian Revolution AoS1
World War One
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Germany seeking to expand political influence, Russia interest in area since 19th century, break up of Turkish empire increase tensions in Balkan region, Russia threatened by Germany's and Austria's political and economic advances in Balkans and Turkey
Russia couldn't stand another defeat after Russo-Japanese War humiliation, Crimerian war and Bosnian crisis
Russia unprepared for war; corruption, lack of equipment and supplies, transport problems, lack of training
War initially met with Patriotism, popularity of Tsar surging
Initial success on Eastern Front, supplies unable to keep up with troops
Tsar became personally associated with string of defeats, German-born wife ruled during absence & with influence of Rasputin
1.5 Billion roubles spent on war, Gold reserves depleted, foreign loans, printed currency & hyperinflation
Living standards reduced, demands on peasants, food shortages, industrial strikes
February Revolution
Strikes continue to grow, bitterly cold winter, transport crisis, food and fuel shortages exacerbated & anti-Tsarist sentiment high
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9th January, 1917, 150,000 workers demonstrate inc commemoration of Bloody Sunday
26th February crowds gather in defiance, 27th February, Petrograd Garrison in mutinies
Dual Authority
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2nd March, renamed the Provisional Government - Prince George Lvov = Prime Minister
Declared Government until Constituent Assembly elections, many members of Old Duma formed part of Gov't
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1905 Revolution
Impacts
October Manifesto; 17th October 1905, Civil Rights & Freedoms expanded, drafted by Sergei Witte
Creation of Dumas = Indirect voting, significant landowners direct voting, peasants indirect three-stage voting, small (less than 50 employees) factory workers, tradesmen, labourers)
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Initial Elections, beginning late February 1906
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Poor industrial working conditions (wages, lack of holidays, long hours, lack of sick pay & superannuation, safety, hygiene)
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Bloody Sunday (Sunday 9th January 1905) - Tsar not in St Petersburg, 4600 reported dead or wounded)
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