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Halima.Abdi-Respiratory system (Organs of the respiratory system (Larynx…
Halima.Abdi-Respiratory system
Respiration
Internal respiration- exchange of gases(O2,CO2) between blood vessels & tissues
External respiration-exchange of gases(O2,CO2) between lungs & blood vessels
Exhalation(expiration)-bringing air out of lungs
Respiratory tract
Respiratory-extend from respiratory bronchioles through alveoli
Upper respiratory-from nose to pharynx
Conducting-clean, warm, moisten air that goes from nose/mouth through respiratory bronchioles
Lower respiratory-from larynx to alveoli
Organs of the respiratory system
Larynx
Features:Connects pharynx to trachea, framework of cartilages, houses Epiglottis, Glottis-The opening between vocal folds
Function:Air passageway, prevents food from entering lower respiratory tract, voice production
Trachea
Features:Anterior to esophagus, partial rings of hyaline cartilages, lined with pseudo-ciliated columnar epithelium
Function:Passageway for air to get to lungs
Pharynx
Features:Passageway connecting nasal cavity to larynx, oral cavity to esophagus. subdivisions of nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Function:Passageway for air/food
Paranasal sinuses
Features: Composed of four air-filled spaces-maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal. Lined with pseudo-ciliated columnar epithelium
Function:Gives voice resonance
Bronchial tree
Features: Bronchi-large to smaller-have cartilage, less cartilage in smaller bronchi. Lined with pseudo-ciliated columnar epithelium
Bronchioles-less than 1mm in diameter, no cartilage, no cilia, no mucous
Both have smooth muscle
Function:Air passageways connecting trachea with alveoli
Nasal cavity
Features:Conchae- create turbulance, increase contact of incoming air with mucosa. Lined with pseudo-ciliated columnar epithelium
Function:Clean, warm & humidify incoming air
Alveoli
Features:Type 1 alveolar cells-thin, lined with simple squamous epithelium
Type 2 alveolar cells- secrete surfactant, prevent alveolar walls from sticking together
Macrophages-remove inhaled foreign particles
Function:Main site of gas exchange
Pleurae and lungs
Features: Pleurae-serous membrane; parietal pleura lines thoracic cavity, visceral pleura covers lungs
Lungs- paired organs, composed of alveoli
Function: Produce lubricating fluid, compartmentalize lungs
Inhalation(inspiration)-bringing air into lungs