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Respiratory System (Gross and Microscopic Anatomy (Bronchial tree (Bronchi…
Respiratory System
Gross and Microscopic Anatomy
Paranasal sinuses
features: maxillary, ethnoid, sphenoid, frontal
epithelial lining: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
function: warm/humidify air, give voice resonance
Pharynx
epithelial lining
oro + laryngo: stratified squamous epithelium
naso: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
function: passageway for air and food
features: tonsils
Nasal Cavity
features: conchae create turbulance
causes air to conact mucosa
clean, warm, humidify air as it enters
epithelial lining: pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium - sweep debris to stomach
Larynx
Functions
keep food/air going to the right place
voice production
provides open airway
glottis: opening between vocal folds
vocal cords: generation of speech
epiglottis: seals windpipe during eating
Trachea
function: passageway for air to lungs
features
partial rings of cartilage (hyaline) around trachea
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Bronchial tree
Bronchi
rings of cartilage, fewer and fewer rings as it gets smaller
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
surrounded by bands of smooth muscle
Bronchioles
less than 1mm in diameter
no cartilage, cilia, or goblet cells
surrounded by bands of smooth muscle
Order of Air Passage
bronchi->bronchioles->terminal bronchioles->respiratory bronchioles->alveloar ducts->alveolar sacs->alveoli
Alveolus Cells
Type I alveolar cells
simple squamous
Type II Alveolar cells
produce surfactant: prevents alveoli from sticking together when you exhale
cuboidal
Macrophages
remove inhaled particles not trapped by mucus
Respiratory membrane: alveloar and capillary walls and their fused basal laminae are where oxygen and CO2 are exhanged between the alveolus and the blood
Pleura: around each lung, flattened sac whose walls consist of serous membrane
visceral pleura: serous membrane that covers the surface of each lung and dips into the fissures between the lobes
parietal pleura: outer membrane which is attached to the inner surface of the thoracic cavity
Lungs: primary organ of the respiratory system occupying the thoracic cavity
General Anatomy
Respiratory portion: respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
Conducting portion: nose/mouth to respiratory bronchioles
Lower respiratory tract: larynx to alveoli
Upper respiratory tract: nose/mouth to pharynx
General Function
Respiration
External: exchange of gases between lungs and blood
Exhalation: breath out
Inhalation: breath in
Internal: exchange of gases between blood and the cells of your tissues
take oxygen in and CO2 out, w/blood